In this article we will consider the car VAZ-2107(injector). Carburetor models just bypass, since they have long been obsolete morally. As for the injector (with forced injection of the fuel mixture), they are more common today. The modern automobile industry completely abandoned carburetor systems. What are the elements in the injector system and are absent in the carburetor system? In this article we will try to find out.
The essence of the whole process is that gasolineunder pressure is fed into the fuel stage, which mixes with purified air in a proportion of 14 to 1. The mixture is always under pressure, so when the valve is opened, it enters the combustion chamber unimpeded. Here the ignition occurs, and the piston makes a working stroke. At the same time, the crankshaft rotates and the car is set in motion.
The normal operation of all nodes is answered by a heapsensors that measure temperature, pressure, air and gasoline, etc. All signals are fed to the microcontroller control unit. It contains a special algorithm that regulates the operation of all the main nodes and mechanisms. Here's the engine VAZ-2107 (injector), and we'll talk in our article. And more precisely - about its components.
This is one of the important readers, there ison any injector motor, including on the "seven". With its help, the number of revolutions of the crankshaft is read. If you look closely at the design of the entire assembly, you can see that the sensor is installed opposite the teeth of the crankshaft pulley. And it can be seen that the distance between the teeth is the same, but not everywhere. There is an interval in which there are no two teeth - this is the segment that is the "master". The sensor catches it and starts counting a new turn of the pulley.
With the help of this device,number of revolutions. Based on the data that comes from the sensor, the electronic control unit decides whether to increase or decrease the amount of air or gasoline in the mixture. But that's not all, other devices affect the work, which we'll talk about further.
This is a device that allows you to fixthe amount of air that enters the fuel rail. At the heart of the design is a thread of platinum, which in some cases is contaminated. To extend the life of this device, you need to change the air filter in a timely manner. If the degree of contamination is small, it is allowed to clean the thread using the means for flushing the injectors.
The essence of the work is that the threadit heats up to a certain temperature. When air passes through the tube, the thread is cooled several degrees. The logic set in the control unit calculates the amount of air that enters the ramp. This is the easiest way to calculate the air entering the ramp to form a mixture.
With this device, the speed is measuredmovement of the car. Data is not only sent to the electronic control unit, but also to the speedometer to inform the driver of the current speed. The device is placed directly on the top of the gearbox.
It is established, as can be seen from the title, oncamshaft. This is one of the devices with which you can get the correct ignition. The VAZ-2107 (injector) does not have a spreader, the spark is generated using logic elements based on the data received from the readers.
On carburetor engines there wereignition distributors of mechanical type (both non-contact and contact). But they all have one big drawback: friction is present to a greater or lesser degree, so the reliability of the entire mechanism is low.
As for the injector motors, in themall parameters are read by sensors. The signals are fed to the electronic control unit, then processed. The logic allows you to adjust the ignition timing and the timing of fuel injection into the combustion chamber. Candles and armored tubes are used exactly the same as on carburetor engines.
It is worth noting that modern carsare equipped with an ignition system in which a single coil is mounted on each candle, a low-voltage wire is connected to it. In a simple way, it was possible to avoid the presence of high voltage under the hood.
The throttle is the node thatallows you to change the amount of air supplied to the fuel rail. In fact, when you press the accelerator pedal, you increase the amount of air, rather than gasoline. Already on the basis of how much oxygen has entered the ramp, there will be an increase or decrease in the volume of gasoline. In total, there are two types of sensor designs:
The first by the principle of action are similar to regulatorsloudness in household appliances. They have one big drawback - there are rubbing surfaces, so often the device breaks down. Generation is present, as a rule, at the very beginning of the track. When the position sensor breaks down, frequent changes to the idle VAZ-2107 will be observed (the injector can not understand the position of the pedal, since the sensor resistance is unstable).
Such disadvantages are devoid of a non-contact sensor (works on the principle of an encoder). But the cost is much higher, so ordinary drivers rarely install them on their cars.
This is one of the main components, their cleaning andreplacement on VAZ-2107 (injector) should be made in a timely manner. The resource of the injectors is also affected by the filters. In fact, the nozzles are electromagnetic valves that stand in the way of fuel mixture movement. The electronic control unit gives the command to open and close them, being guided by the readings of the sensors.
To protect electrical circuits in the mounting blockfuses are installed. At the VAZ-2107 (injector), all components are protected, and the injectors are necessarily switched by means of an electromagnetic relay, since they have a large current consumption.
This device is necessary so that there is no fuela high pressure was formed. The pump, located in the tank, pumps gasoline through the pipelines into the fuel rail up to a certain pressure. It must be sufficient for the injection of the mixture into the combustion chamber. The sensor is mounted directly on the ramp, and when the maximum permissible pressure value is exceeded, surplus is released through the non-return valve into the pipeline connected to the tank. The principle of operation is about the same as that of the expansion tank cap in the cooling system.
This is a sensor that allows you to evaluate the contentoxygen in the exhaust gases. It should be noted that it is impossible to measure directly, so you have to install a sensor inside the exhaust pipe and outside. And to improve the sensitivity, you need to warm up the device to 600 degrees.
For this sensor, the ignition timing is set and the quality of the fuel mixture is regulated. The presence of the device is due to the introduction of toxicity standards.
And now let's talk about how the injection system of fuel injection works. So, from the very beginning:
That's all - the engine started, all its nodeswork. When you press the accelerator pedal, you increase the amount of air, and therefore gasoline. The number of revolutions of the crankshaft will also increase.
