There are people who have left an indelible mark on history.Russia. Among them, Voronov Nikolai Nikolayevich - Marshal and Hero of the Soviet Union. A man who has gone through several wars and devoted almost all his life to the defense of the Motherland. About this article.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov was born in the last year 19th century April 23 in St. Petersburg.His father had good career prospects. But, being a supporter of revolutionary transformations, after the events of 1905, he came to the attention of gendarmes and for a long time found himself in the army of the unemployed.
Семья, в которой воспитывалось трое детей, endured terrible hardships. Not enduring eternal poverty, the mother Voronova in 1908 killed herself. First, the children were taken care of by her friend, and then they returned to their father, who finally found work.
Little Kohl went to study only with the secondattempts, and then - in a private institution. They did not want to take a child from an unreliable family to the government. But five years later (in 1914), Nicholas had to leave school because of financial problems.
To feed themselves, the future marshal settled down.to work as a secretary with an honest attorney. My father took the daughters to a village where it was easier to survive. But in the year 16 he was taken to the front, and the care of his sisters lay on the frail shoulders of his brother.
We had to work even more.And yet Voronov Nikolai Nikolaevich, who was distinguished by stubbornness and willpower since childhood, continued to nibble on the granite of science on his own. In 1917 he was able to successfully pass the exams and get a certificate of maturity.
In the spring of 1918, the biography of Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov, who had never thought of an officer’s career, flowed in a new direction. In Russia, was in full swing bloody civil war and youngit could not but bother the person. One day, after reading an ad in the newspaper about recruiting for artillery courses, he decided to sign up for them. This forever determined his fate.
Having completed his studies, Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronovhe was promoted to red commander and led a platoon of the 2nd Battery, who at that time fought with the White Guards Yudenich near Pskov. The young red commander, according to his colleagues, was notable for his cheerful, easy temperament. He was able to divert soldiers from heavy thoughts and motivate them to heroic deeds. Including your own example.
From the middle of the spring of the twentieth, Voronov acceptedparticipation in the Soviet-Polish military campaign. During the attack on Warsaw, the battery, which he commanded, entered into an unequal battle with the enemy, who had a significant quantitative advantage. The Red Army soldiers had to retreat, and Nikolai Nikolayevich undertook the mission to destroy the guns.
While doing this job, he is seriouscontusion A little later, he was captured, where he stayed for more than six months. He fell ill with pneumonia, typhoid fever, nearly lost his legs, but survived. And in April of the twenty-first year, as part of the procedure for the exchange of prisoners, he was deported to the USSR.
After returning home Voronov NikolayNikolayevich was treated for a long time in the hospital, and then returned to the ranks. Experienced horrors of war did not knock him off the chosen path. He served in the 27th Omsk rifle division. He was in good standing with the management, who, as a sign of encouragement, sent him to study at the Frunze Academy. Her Voronov successfully graduated in 1930.
Став дипломированным специалистом, Николай Nikolayevich commanded the artillery regiment of the 1st Moscow proletarian division. He visited Italy twice, where he took part in military maneuvers. In 1934 he headed the 1st artillery school in Leningrad, for the successful leadership of which, 2 years later, he received the Order of the Red Star.
Very useful for Nikolai Nikolayevich VoronovIt was a visit to the flaming Spanish Civil War. While there as a volunteer, he learned a lot of new and necessary things for his profession. This experience was useful to him later - during the Second World War.
From 1937 to 1940, Voronov led the artilleryThe Red Army, which he managed during this time to significantly upgrade. Being a competent and experienced specialist, he introduced many new programs, and even entered the commission, which developed a weapon system at the highest level. It went to a big war, and everyone understood that.
This period in the life of Nikolai Nikolaevichwas marked by participation in the Soviet-Finnish campaign, as well as in the operation to join the Soviet Union of Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia. In 1939, he got into a serious accident and miraculously survived. But the injuries significantly affected his health. In 1940, Voronov was given the rank of colonel-general of artillery.
During the Great Patriotic WarNikolai Nikolayevich did not take direct part in the hostilities. His mission was different. In the very first days after the treacherous invasion of the fascists, he was engaged in strengthening the air defense of the capital. Later he built the anti-tank defense of Leningrad.
Among its most important achievements are the withdrawal of artilleryguns from retreat zones to the rear. Rotate such an operation was not easy. But it was these guns that played a huge role when our troops launched an offensive.
Another achievement is the reform, during whichair defense forces came under the authority of the Red Army. This allowed the gunners and air defense forces to act more smoothly. A little later, Voronov developed a project according to which the infantry was accompanied by mobile artillery guns. This resolved a painful issue. Marines received at least some protection from enemy aircraft, which behaved extremely arrogantly before impunity and thwarted several important operations.
As a representative of the Stavka, Voronov visited the areaStalingrad and Kursk battles. The supreme leadership often sent him to the most important parts of military events to adequately assess the situation. Stalin believed him. And Nikolai Nikolayevich in most cases justified the trust.
Voronov represented the Soviet side at a meeting with Churchill in 1942. In 1943 he was awarded the title of Marshal. And from February 1944, Nikolai Nikolayevich Voronov was the Chief Marshal of Artillery of the USSR.
In 1946, on the initiative of Voronov in Moscow wasthe Academy of Artillery Sciences was established, which he headed four years later. A huge research work was conducted here with the participation of the greatest Soviet scientists. From 1953 to 1958, Nikolai Nikolayevich supervised the Leningrad Artillery Command Academy. And at the very end of the 50s, he moved to the Inspectorate General of Defense.
Since 1965, Voronov Nikolai Nikolaevich - HeroSoviet Union. The assignment of this title to him was timed to the 20th anniversary of the Victory. Marshal to the end of his life was active in the patriotic education of young people. He died on February 28, 1968 from cancer. The ashes of the hero are buried near the walls of the Kremlin.
Little is known about Voronov’s personal life. He did not show it off. Marshal was married, had a son who followed in his father's footsteps and became a candidate of military sciences.
Nikolai Nikolayevich was remembered by relatives, friends,acquaintances and colleagues are very sociable, self-centered person with a good sense of humor. His hobbies include sports (especially football and tennis). He also loved to take pictures and go hunting.
Biography of Nikolai Voronov and awards receivedthey are an example for posterity. Contemporaries also learned a lot from him. The contribution of this person to the development of military affairs and to the victory over fascism is difficult to overestimate.
