Философы любят рассуждать о том, что природа takes revenge on people for neglect of themselves. Sometimes such phenomena as a landslide, mudflow, collapse, declare acts of opposition to the planet of unreasonable human activity. Is it really? Why do landslides happen? Let's understand objectively.
According to the views of academician K.Zaruba, landslide - a process of sharp displacement of rocks forming layers of the monolith, relative to each other. That is, under certain conditions, the coupling of various breeds is broken. The particles of each individual layer are more interconnected with each other than with elements of a different component of the monolith. Visually, this can be represented as a pyramid of ordinary toy blocks. If you put them on each other strictly vertically, then they stand without moving. When you begin to “change the conditions of an experiment,” for example, to tilt the structure, it may collapse. In addition, each individual cube symbolizes the earth layer. Naturally, in nature, everything is much more complicated, but to understand that a landslide is a phenomenon of rock displacement, this model allows.
В целом данное явление может быть спровоцировано both natural and artificial factors. Among the first most often called the action of groundwater. I must say that a landslide is not a widespread phenomenon. It can not occur in any territory. A prerequisite is the presence of certain rocks in the earth's layers.
They are called weak cemented, friable.Groundwater penetrates into them, provoking their movement in the direction of flow. In some cases, the formation may begin to “crawl” with respect to more dense layers. Also, this phenomenon may be caused by an earthquake. Moreover, even a small excitement, not noticeable to man, sometimes becomes a destabilizing factor of the inner world of the earth. Among the reasons for artificial, man-made origin, most often indicate thoughtless human economic activity. Thus, the erection of buildings in places where loose or loose rocks are located creates a dangerous pressure on them. If the base under these unstable strata is oblique, then over time their natural displacement occurs under the action of external influence. Also dangerous is the construction of roads on non-uniform slopes. It turns out that a landslide is not always a natural phenomenon. Unfortunately, it can be caused by simple folly and the mismanagement of a person.
There are four types of landslides:
All types of landslides are still divided by speed.passing. Some will happen suddenly, abruptly, with devastating (and not so) consequences. But there are those who pass slowly, capturing vast territories, practically not showing themselves visually. In addition, landslides are divided by the time of occurrence. So, now scientists can study the consequences of those disasters that occurred many millennia ago.
Scientists studying this phenomenonnoted that it leads to various losses. Thus, according to their calculations, in the past century, at least one hundred thousand people suffered from disasters caused by landslides. But that is not all. Often this phenomenon leads to tangible losses of communications and facilities. Almost all buildings suffer: water and gas pipelines, roads and buildings for various purposes. People have long began to protect their farms from this sometimes terrible phenomenon. To do this, strengthen the slopes of mountains and ravines, trees are planted, which can strengthen the soil layers with its root system. Scientists are developing more ambitious and modern methods to prevent the dangerous effects of landslides.
