The financial system of the state is the commodity-money relations of economic entities in the financial sphere, having their rights and obligations.
The financial system of Russia is a system consisting of national and territorial finance, finance business entities and finance ordinary citizens.
Each component of this system has specific tasks, they are also responsible for the functioning of certain relations in the field of finance.
For example, the task of nationwideFinance is the accumulation of financial resources in the state order and the direction, if necessary, or, according to the approved budget, to finance social programs and other national needs. The formation of this source of state revenues is carried out at the expense of tax collections, amounts received from the privatization of state-owned entities and state duties. The structure of the national finance consists of: the federal budget, state crediting and insurance, as well as federal extra-budgetary funds. It should also be noted that up to 50% of GDP is redistributed through them in developed countries. It is also a kind of mechanism for stimulating business and economic activity of the subjects.
The federal budget is represented by the systemcomparison of revenues and expenses at the state level, which must be approved by law. The structure of income and expenses is determined by the directions of socio-economic state policy.
The financial system of the state is subject to all changes in its functioning, whether it be political turmoil or various socio-economic situations.
The financial system of the state can not normallyoperate without territorial finances, which are designed to perform tasks similar to general state finances, but with only one distinction - on the territory of individual administrative units that are in self-government. They consist of extra-budgetary funds and territorial budgets. They are formed at the expense of local taxes and fees, local loans, fines, lotteries and other sources.
Как указывалось выше, финансовая система state includes such a component as the finances of business entities. The formation of this source occurs both at the expense of profits and depreciation of the business sector.
The financial system and the financial policy of the state are closely interrelated. Let's try to figure out how their relationship takes place.
Итак, финансовая политика государства – комплекс implemented measures that are aimed at achieving the goals that are determined by government agencies of the financial sector. It is within this policy that the main sources of formation and direction of social resources in the social sphere are concretized.
One of the measures of financial policy iscreation of an effective financial mechanism, with the use of which state activity in the field of finance is carried out. Here we can see that the state’s financial system serves as a tool or element of a financial mechanism. After all, the basis of this system is financial resources, for the formation of which financial policy is responsible. Also to its main components are the methods of formation of finance (income structure), the system of legislation responsible for the efficiency of formation of budget revenues and expenses.
Ну и, конечно же, статья была бы неполной, если not to prioritize the financial policy of the state. Firstly, this policy should strive to form legislation adapted to the real conditions. Secondly, with the help of effective financial policy, the state should find a “middle ground” in taxation - the optimal tax burden with the effective functioning of the tax system. Thirdly, in order to increase the effectiveness of public policy, it is necessary to plan and forecast the use of the financial system.
