World Heritage of Greece, Austria, Hungary and Argentina - history, description and interesting facts

As of 2017, more than a thousand man-madeand natural objects around the world are included in the list of cultural heritage of UNESCO. The organization is committed to preserving these unique, unique places, popularizing their cultural, historical or environmental significance. World heritage sites are located in Hungary, Austria, Greece, Argentina and another 161 countries that have ratified the Convention on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage.

Convention for the Protection of World Heritage

The underlying document that is currentlytime regulates the issues of preservation, restoration, protection and popularization of unique monuments of history and culture, began to take shape after the First World War and finally formed in the second half of the twentieth century. The Convention on the Protection of World Heritage in Hungary, Austria, Greece and other countries gives the following advantages to objects that have received a special status:

• additionally guarantees the integrity and preservation of unique monuments of its kind;
• promotes the popularization of objects, increasing the prestige of the institutions that manage them;
• provides priority in the allocation of funds of the World Heritage Fund to support unique monuments;
• promotes the development of ecological tourism;
• improves control over the state of natural and cultural heritage sites.

Evaluation Criteria

There are several criteria according to which a specific monument can be assigned a special status. Among them, for example, are the following:

1. The object is unique in its kind, exclusive to the civilization that has ever existed and still exists.
2. It is a masterpiece of human genius.
3. It is of exceptional importance, the object is directly connected with traditions, rituals, beliefs, artistic or literary works.
4. It is an outstanding example of architecture, design, technology or landscape, illustrating a significant period in history.
5. It is a phenomenon of nature, extremely beautiful and has aesthetic importance.
6. The facility includes an important natural environment necessary for the conservation of biological diversity.
7. It is a monument of the past, reflects important geological processes, physical and geographical features.

If a monument of nature, architecture or art meets at least one of the criteria, then it can be considered a World Heritage site.

World Heritage Lists by Country

The most outstanding monuments (53) tothe state for 2017 is located in Italy. This is the historic center of Florence and San Gimignano and Siena, Castle Castel del Monte, traditional dwellings in the town of Alberobello, several archaeological sites, the Aeolian Islands and so on. In second place China (52), followed by Spain (46), France (43), Germany (42). World heritage sites are located in Austria, Greece, Argentina, Hungary.

In Russia, 28 (or 29 in view of the monuments thatlocated on the territory of the Crimean peninsula) heritage objects, including the historical center of the Northern Capital, the Kremlin and Red Square, the historical sites of Novgorod, the Solovetsky Islands, the monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, the Komi forest, Lake Baikal, Kamchatka natural volcanoes, the Western Caucasus, the Altai Mountains , Wrangel Island and so on.

Outstanding heritage sites in Greece

In Greece - one of the cradles of the humancivilization - one and a half percent of the total number of World Heritage sites, namely 18 objects. Most of them are listed exclusively on cultural criteria, two monuments - by mixed criteria.

The World Heritage of Greece is represented by such monuments (in order of listing):

1. Temple of Apollo.
2. Ruins of Delphi.
3. Acropolis in Athens.
4. Mount Athos is the spiritual center of Orthodoxy.
5. Monasteries of Meteora.
6. Monuments of Christianity in Thessaloniki.
7. Epidaurus is an ancient city, famous for its architectural monuments.
8. The city of Rhodes.
9. Ancient town of Mystra.
10. Monuments of Olympia.
11. The island of Delos.
12. Byzantine monasteries.
13. Archaeological excavations and the temple of Hera on the island of Samos.
14. Archaeological excavations of Vergina.
15. Monuments of Mycenae and Tirynfa.
16. Historical center and monuments of the island of Patmos.
17. The old town of Corfu.
18. Ruins of Philip.

Archaeological sites

On the territory of Ancient Greece, the first settlementsappeared 5 thousand years ago. Archaeological excavations of such an ancient culture today are listed among the names of World Heritage sites in Greece. These are excavations of Epidaurus, Vergina, Mycenae and Tirynfa, the ruins of Philip, Delphi, the ancient city of Mystra and medieval Rhodes. World Heritage sites in Greece, these places became due to their importance in the early period of human history - they were cultural and historical centers, capitals, burial places of kings.

Early Christian and Byzantine monuments

Another important period in history is developmentChristianity - flowed, including in the territory of modern Greece. World Heritage sites include such monuments of early Christianity and Byzantium as the monastery in Patmos (in this place, according to legend, preached by John the Theologian), the monasteries of Daphni, Nea Moni, Osios Lucas, St. Sophia's Basilica, St. Dimitri's Basilica, St. Nicholas Church, Prophet Elijah, Mount Athos and so on.

All these monuments have a special religious,cultural and historical significance for the whole world. World heritage sites in Greece must be seen with our own eyes. So significant places will not leave anyone indifferent.

Austrian special heritage sites

There are World Heritage sites in Greece,Argentina is not far behind and Austria is one of the richest countries in the world. The list of outstanding monuments of the Republic of Austria includes nine items:

1. The center of Salzburg.
2. The palace and gardens of Schönbrunn.
3. The Dachstein mountain range in the Hallstatt community.
4. The Semmering Railway.
5. The castle of Eggenberg and the historic center of Graz.
6. The valley of the Danube Wachau.
7. The landscape of Lake Neusiedler.
8. The historical center of the city of Vienna.
9. Traditional pile huts in the vicinity of the Alpine mountains.

Five facilities are located in the eastern part of the country, three more - in the north-west.

World Heritage in the Republic of Hungary

In the Republic of Hungary there are eightobjects from the list of World Heritage. Hungary, Austria, Greece, Argentina - these countries are ranked in the importance of cultural and historical monuments located on their territory. Outstanding objects include:

1. Budapest. Of particular importance is the historical center of the Hungarian capital, the banks of the Danube, the Fortress Mountain, Heroes' Square, the State Opera House and other buildings.
2. Ethnographic museum in the village of Hollowo.The village in the north of Hungary, whose name translates as "Voroniy Kamen", is not just another open-air museum. In a small settlement, a measured life flows, the same as in previous centuries.
3. Caves of the Slovak Karst and Aggtelek. The mountain range, in which the caves are located, is protected, since it is a unique form of relief.
4. The Benedictine monastery in the abbey of Pannonhalma. It is the oldest monastery in Hungary and the second largest Catholic abbey in the whole world.
5. Necropolis of the city of Pecs.
6. National natural park of Hortobágy. The largest and oldest nature conservation area in the whole of Hungary.
7. Landscape of the reserve of Förte.The Biosphere Reserve is listed as a protected site due to its unique landscape and biodiversity. The natural object is the most western in Europe, a flat brackish lake.
8. Tokaj Wine Region. Wines of white varieties are produced there, the earliest evidence of the Tokaji winemaking dates back to the middle of the sixteenth century.

Eleven heritage sites in Argentina

If included in the list of culturalthe importance of virtually all World Heritage sites in Greece, in Argentina, the monuments are distributed more proportionately: three are included in the list by cultural criteria, two - by natural criteria, another by mixed ones. Outstanding monuments on the territory of Argentina are:

1. The protected area of ​​Los Glaciares.
2. Jesuit missions on the lands of the Indians.
3. Protected area, park Iguazu.
4. Cueva de las Manos Cave.
5. The Valdes Peninsula.
6. Natural parks of Talampaya and Ischigualasto.
7. The Jesuit quarter and the mission of Cordoba.
8. The ancient way to the gorge of Huamaca.
9. A unique system of roads in the Andes.
10. Dr. Kuruchet's house.
11. Los Alerses Nature Reserve.

World Heritage sites (in Hungary, Austria,Greece, Argentina and other countries) are places that are distinguished for their outstanding natural, cultural, historical significance for the whole of mankind. The amazing landscapes and centuries-old stories that stand behind these miracles are certainly worth the trip and get acquainted with all the sights personally. World Heritage possessions Hungary, Greece, Argentina and other countries of the world are open for visits, so you can buy tickets to one of the countries right now.