In the south-east of Moscow is the largest and most beloved by the citizens of the State Museum-Reserve "Tsaritsyno".
In 1775, the construction of the suburban royal residence began in the village of Black dirt. The decree on the start of construction was issued by Empress Catherine II.
Initially, the construction of the estate was entrustedfamous Russian architect V.I.Bazhenov. He decided to retreat a little from the traditional classical style and create a new architectural ensemble based on the asymmetry of the buildings. According to the author, he was supposed to consist of several small palaces, decorated in their own style.
The first was built Figured bridge.It looked like a fortress gate with massive towers and battlements. This is truly a unique building of the Russian architect of the XVIII century. In 1778, the Middle Catherine and Small Palaces, which were intended for the Empress to live, were erected.
At the same time, the construction of the GreatPalace, in 1784 - the construction of the Bread House. This building was intended for storing food and cooking for the imperial table. Here it was planned to equip premises for servants.
After a preliminary examination of Catherine IIturned out to be dissatisfied with the work of the architect, and Bazhenov was suspended from work. His place was taken by no less famous architect M. Kazakov. By order of the Empress, the Grand Palace was completely dismantled.
Михаил Казаков старался многое сохранить из project Bazhenov, find a compromise. To this end, he left the planning structure of the palaces, but additionally imposed on it a kind of "Gothic" decoration. As a result of this original solution, a new style appeared - pseudo-gothic, experts more often call it “Russian Gothic”. It should be noted that this is the only palace in Europe, made in this style.
But Catherine II’s dream of a new residence did not come true. During the life of the Empress, the palace was not completed. And in 1797, after her death, the construction stopped altogether.
The unique palace complex began graduallyrevive only at the end of the last century. In 1993, this historical place became known as the Museum-Reserve. It was included in the list of valuable historical and cultural monuments of Russia.
Museum-Reserve "Tsaritsyno" in recent yearshas changed. Muscovites and numerous guests of the capital enjoy their holidays here. Visitors are strongly impressed by the modern and well-kept museum complex, picturesque ponds.
The Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve was also famous for the fact that during the years of the Great Patriotic War, in one of the houses, not far from the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, lived the old Moscow matron.
From this fabulous place, we recommend starting your acquaintance with the Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve. The park began to form at the beginning of the XVIII century.
Its foundation was a regular garden, featuring a distinct geometry of plantations and alleys.
In Catherine's time, the fashion for them passed, replaced by the English irregular gardens. In 1784, a gardener from London, Francis Reed, was invited to organize such plantings in Tsaritsyno.
However, the true heyday of Tsaritsyn Park occurred at the beginning of the XIX century. For the design, various “artistic designs” were used: pavilions, gazebos, bridges, grottoes.
A great role in creating the park was played by I. V. Egotov - an outstanding architect.
Unfortunately, at the end of the last century, the park was in a neglected state - it turned into a neglected, not well-kept forest park.
В 2007 году он был реставрирован.He was freed from self-cultivated plantings and deadwood. On the basis of archival documents and archaeological excavations, the historical network of tracks and paths of the park was restored.
"Tsaritsyno" - a museum-reserve, photos of which weplaced in our article, has two ponds - Upper and Lower Shipilovsky. They appeared on the estate to the middle of the XVII century, after the construction of dams on the rivers Yazvenka, Gorodnya and Cherepishka.
Mills were built on the dams. The ponds were one harmonious cascade with Borisov pond, which was created during the time of Tsar Boris Godunov.
Today, Borisov and Tsaritsyn ponds are considered the oldest and largest in length and area in the modern capital.
The total area of reservoirs exceeds 180 hectares.
Many guests come to the Museum-Reserve.Tsaritsyno to see exactly this monumental building. The Grand Palace was erected in 1793 by F. M. Kazakov. It was built on the site of an old palace, which was designed by V.I.Bazhenov.
Creating a new palace, Matvey Kazakov faced a challenge. It was necessary to enter a new building in the already established ensemble.
At the end of the 19th century, the surviving remnants of the roof were removed from the old Bazhenov Palace and the towers were completely dismantled. Only the walls of the palace remained.
Reconstruction of the palace began in 2005. For two years, the picturesque ruins, which collapsed for almost two centuries, turned into a museum complex.
In 2007, the opening of the palace ensemble.
Nowadays, the restored palace seems to be reborn. Based on the designs of M. Kazakov, an openwork decoration of the facade of the building was made.
The main (Catherine's) hall of the palace, whose area exceeds 300 square meters. meters, has a grand staircase and adjoining front living rooms, decorated in the style of the XVIII century.
The hall is decorated with a magnificent statue of Catherine II, made of marble, the work of A. Opekushin.
In the remaining halls are now located exhibitions with the participation of various Moscow museums.
This building is one of the few buildings of the ensemble in Tsaritsyno, which has retained its name since the time of Bazhenov.
The Small Tsaritsinsky Palace is one of the three destined for Catherine II. He was the smallest and cozy.
In 1804, when Tsaritsyno became available to the public, this building was leased to the Frenchman Lekan, expelled from Russia in 1812, who organized the “Coffee House” here.
By the middle of the 20th century, only half-destroyed walls remained from the palace.
The palace was completely restored in 1996. It became part of the Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve.
Built by architect V.I.Bazhenov in 1778.He was called the “Bread House”. In the 19th century, a clinic for peasants worked here, and later - a zemstvo school. Then the rooms in the building were handed over to summer residents in the summer. After the October Revolution and until the 1970s of the last century, communal apartments were located here.
In early 2006, the Bread House was restored. Today it is the main building for thematic exhibitions.
На территории заповедника есть уникальное building, which has always attracted the attention of visitors of the complex. This is the "Singing Fountain". Its diameter is 55 meters. The fountain consists of 807 jets, which, to the sound of a melody, synchronously rise to a height of 15 meters. Illumination consists of lamps 3312. The fountain is open only in spring and summer.
Museum-Reserve "Tsaritsyno", whose address is Str.Dolskaya, d. 1, always happy guests. The easiest way to get to the museum, using the subway. You need to get to the station "Tsaritsyno". Going out on the street, you should go straight, and in a minute you will see the Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve. How to get here, now you know, so do not delay the trip.
Museum-Reserve "Tsaritsyno" works every dayfrom 11.00 to 18.00. The park can be viewed from 6.00 to 24.00 hours. On Saturday, the mode of operation is extended by one hour. Cash desks are closed one hour before the end of the complex.
You can enter the park for free.Tsaritsyno (museum-reserve) ticket prices are quite acceptable - a single ticket for exploring the Bread House and the Grand Palace - 350 rubles. Pupils, children under 12 years old, disabled people, parents with many children, retirees pay 50 rubles.
And one more tip. Anyone who wants to visit the Museum-Reserve Tsaritsyno will definitely need a map with the sights of the complex. You can buy it in the pavilion at the Main Entrance.
