In the process of using carsmotorists can experience a variety of problems. It is especially unpleasant if due to these problems the opportunity to drive a car is lost. Sometimes the accelerator delivers serious difficulties. This is a device that is responsible for supplying the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber. It is very important to know his device, as well as the principle of operation. There are mechanical accelerators and systems with electronic drive.
Modern cars have long been completedmechanical systems. All of them are replaced by electric drive accelerators. What does it give to car owners? Electronic accelerator is easier driving. This is a big plus. There is also a minus - the owner of the car can no longer make decisions, and if more precisely, he constantly independently adjusts the characteristics to his requirements. It turns out that it is far from always possible to obtain the desired mode of operation of the engine.
For inexperienced drivers such a systemprovides a huge number of benefits. This is a safer ride. However, for more experienced car enthusiasts, the power of electronics is not enough for a comfortable ride.
A mechanical accelerator is a drive thatshifts throttle. So the car adds to the speed. Since the drive is mechanical, the process takes place in several stages. The driver of the car presses on the pedal, while in the cabin of his car. Through traction effort from the pedal is given directly to the throttle. Then the flap moves.
Neither a mechanical system nor an electronic one canintervene and somehow influence the throttle position. In order to influence the acceleration and dynamic characteristics, it is required to change the engine torque. But there is an impact on the process of fuel injection and ignition. Thus, electronic systems can regulate engine operation only at idle or in cruise control mode.
As for the electronic accelerator, the principle of operation is the same. One nuance - between the gas pedal and the valve itself is a control unit that regulates the behavior of the engine.
Workflow here also occurs in stages.The driver of the car presses the pedal. At this time, the accelerator pedal sensor collects and transmits information about the angle and the force of pressing on the computer. Next, the computer calculates what angle at this moment will be optimal for opening the throttle, and gives this information to the drive. The drive is also fully electronic, and it simply follows directions.
The electronic unit can make decisions abouttransition to more economical modes or to increase the characteristics of traffic safety. This is taken into account, calculated and turned on by the computer due to the opening of the flap. The driver cannot fully influence his car, since most of it was taken over by the ECU and accelerator sensor. Even if the driver does not touch the pedal, the unit can still change the characteristics of the engine by opening or closing the throttle.
Many beginners wonder why thisThe device is called an accelerator, because it is the gas pedal. It's simple. The accelerator pedal is only part of a large mechanism. The word translates as "acceleration". And you need to understand what is meant a special valve, which is responsible for supplying the fuel-air mixture to the engine cylinders. The wider the throttle valve is open, the greater the pressure in the combustion chambers and the faster the pistons will move. Pistons transmit force to the crankshaft, and then the rotational energy goes to the transmission. When the driver shifts gears, he controls the speed of rotation of the wheels of the car. All these processes together put the car in motion.
And on the injection engine, and on the carburetorthe accelerator works almost the same. The difference is quite small. And the difference is in the method of supplying the fuel mixture. The carburetor is nothing more than one of the nodes in the fuel system where a combustible mixture is prepared. The driver, pressing the accelerator pedal, controls and adjusts the volume of the mixture in the cylinder block.
On injection engines, the difference is thatthe whole injection system. Volumes of fuel supply to each cylinder are regulated here with the help of injectors. The mixture is fed more accurately. You should know that the injection system can be distributed or direct injection.
Here is a separate injection system. The fuel mixture is injected continuously into the cylinder block. In this case, only the quantity that is supplied to each of the chambers is controlled.
Perfect systems consist of largequantities of various components. The perfect system is more accurate. This can be said about modern actuators throttle valves. The device consists of several systems.
This is directly the pedal and the position sensoraccelerator pedals. It is he who determines the position of the pedal and gives this data to the computer. This sensor consists of two variable resistors that measure resistance depending on the accelerator position. He constantly monitors the frequency and amplitude of pressing the pedal and not only monitors the fuel supply, but is also an engine idling sensor.
Потенциометр состоит из переменного и постоянного a resistor with a resistance of about 8 kΩ. One of the terminals is under voltage of 5 V. The middle terminal tells the sensor what position the pedal is in. If the voltage of this signal is less than 0.7 V, then the valve is considered to be closed, but if it is more than 4 V, then the computer considers the valve to be open.
The electronic control unit receives signals fromsensors and on the basis of these data learns the desire of the driver regarding the speed of the car. To implement this, a control signal is applied to the damper actuator, which, depending on the signal, closes or opens.
This system provides the necessary air volume for the cylinders. In addition, it also gives information to the computer about the position of the valve at the moment. The system includes angular sensors.
These designs are used in domestic cars, as well as in inexpensive foreign cars.
This may be a limited maximum power.power unit, uneven speed at idle. It is also possible that the motor stops at a sudden release of the foot from the pedal. All these are frequent faults of any accelerator.
Electronic accelerator is an intelligent device. There are rules for its use.
So, we found out what an element such as an accelerator is for.
