May 5, 1818 in the city of Trier, relating toPriene Prussian, Karl Marx was born - the future great economist, philosopher, sociologist, as well as a public figure, poet, writer and political journalist. The biography of Karl Marx will be examined in this article.
His father was a Jew, a lawyer. He accepted Protestantism in 1824. The Marx family was quite prosperous and cultured, but not revolutionary.
Training in the gymnasium (1830-1835) continues the biography of Karl Marx. The photo of this economist and philosopher is presented below.
After graduating from the Gymnasium in Trier, Marx comes firstto the University in Bonn, and then to Berlin. He studied law, but most of all - philosophy and history. The course was completed in 1841. The philosophy of Epicurus was the theme of Marx's university thesis. In his views, he was still at that time a Hegelian idealist. In Berlin, Marx adhered to a circle of the so-called left-wing Hegelians (to which, in particular, Bruno Bauer belonged, among others). His representatives sought from Hegel's philosophy to make revolutionary and atheistic conclusions.
The biography of Karl Marx in his young years is markedthe fact that he moved to Bonn at the end of the university. He wanted to become a professor. However, the reactionary policy of the government of that time, which in 1832 deprived the faculty of L. Feuerbach and refused to reopen it in 1836, and also deprived in 1841 the right of Bruno Bauer, a young professor, to read lectures in Bonn, forced Marx to abandon his career scientist.
In Germany, the development of views of supporters of the leftHegelianism was moving very fast at this time. Especially since 1836, Ludwig Feuerbach begins to criticize theology, seeking to turn it towards materialism, finally taking over from him in 1841 ("The Essence of Christianity"). "The main provisions of the philosophy of the future" came out in 1843. Engels wrote about these works later that the left-wing Hegelians immediately became "Feuerbachians."
The Rhine radical bourgeois, whowere in contact with the left-wing Hegelians, and in Cologne an opposition publication entitled "The Rhine Newspaper" was founded. It was published since 1842, since January 1. Bruno Bauer and Marx were invited to its editorial office as chief employees. And in the same year, in October, Marx became editor-in-chief. He moved from Bonn to Cologne, where the biography of Karl Marx continued.
With the editorship of Charlesthe revolutionary-democratic direction of this publication became more definite with time. First, the government subordinated the newspaper to a triple censorship, and then decided to completely close it (in 1843, January 1). Marx by this time had to leave editorial activity. However, the departure of his newspaper still did not save. In March 1843 it was closed. Engels notes from the most important articles of Marx in the Rheinische Zeitung, for example, an article on the situation in the Moselle valley of peasants-winemakers. Newspaper work opened to Marx that he is not yet familiar with political economy. So he began to study it diligently.
Karl Marx, whose biography interests us, inIn 1843 he married Jenny von Westafalen in Kreutnach. It was a friend of his childhood, a girl with whom he, while still a student, was engaged. His wife belonged to a reactionary Prussian noble family.
Her elder brother in Prussia was a ministerinternal affairs in one of the most reactionary eras (from 1850 to 1858). In 1843, in the autumn, Marx moved to Paris in order to publish abroad along with the left-wing Hegelian Arnold Ruge a radical magazine - the German-French Yearbook. However, only one number came out. The further work was stopped because of difficulties in Germany of secret distribution, and also because of disagreements with Arnold Ruge. Marx, in his articles written in this journal, appears as proclaiming the "criticism of the whole existing" revolutionary. In particular, he criticized the use of weapons, appealing to the proletariat and the masses.
In September 1844, Friedrich arrived in ParisEngels for a few days. Since then he became the closest friend of Karl Marx. Together they participated in the life of various revolutionary groups in Paris. The teaching of Proudhon was of special importance. Marx decisively paid it off in The Poverty of Philosophy, which he published in 1847. They worked out, fighting the teachings of petty-bourgeois socialism, the tactics and theory of communism (or Marxism) and revolutionary proletarian socialism. The photo of Engels is presented below.
At the insistence of the government of Prussia in 1845was expelled from Paris as a dangerous revolutionary Karl Marx. His biography was made in Brussels, where he moved with his family. Marx and Engels in the spring of 1847 joined a society called the Union of Communists. They took an outstanding part in its second congress, held in London in 1847. On the instructions of this society, Marx and Engels composed the Manifesto of the Communist Party, which was published in 1848, in February. In this work, consistent materialism is depicted-a new world outlook that encompasses also the field of social life. Dialectics, they believed, was the most profound and all-embracing doctrine of development. The theory of the revolutionary role and class struggle of the proletariat, the creator of a new, communist society was presented.
In 1848, the February Revolution began.Karl Marx was expelled from Belgium. A brief biography of him in 1848-1849. next. He again went to Paris, and then, after the March Revolution, to Cologne. Here, from June 1848 to May 1849, the "New Rhine Newspaper" was published. Its chief editor was Karl Marx, whose brief biography at that time was marked by several important events. Brilliantly, the new theory was confirmed by the course of the revolutionary events that took place in 1848-1849. Subsequently, it was confirmed by all the democratic and proletarian countries of the world.
First, the victorious counter-revolution was brought to trialMarx (he was acquitted in 1849, February 9), and then expelled him from Germany (the same year, May 16). Charles first went to Paris, where he was deported after the demonstration on June 13, after which he went to London, where he lived until his death.
Conditions of emigrant life were extremely difficult.They can be seen especially clearly from the correspondence with Engels of Karl Marx, published in 1913. The need was suffocated by Marx and his family. If it were not for the financial support of Engels, Karl would not only be able to finish his main work, Capital, but would also perish under the yoke of poverty. Marx, eschewing emigrant circles, developed in a number of historical works a materialistic theory, mainly devoting his strength to the study of political economy.
Started in the late 50's and continued in the 60'syears of the era of revival of various democratic movements once again called Karl Marx to practice. They were founded in London on September 28, 1864, the First International. After the fall of the Paris Commune in 1871, as well as the split of the International in Europe, its existence became impossible. Then Karl Marx after the Congress in The Hague (1872) moved to New York his General Council.
Active work in the International, as well asEnhanced theoretical studies have already undermined the health of Marx. Work on Capital and the processing of poetic economy, he continued, collecting a lot of materials and studying a number of languages (including Russian). However, the disease prevented him from completing "Capital".
His wife died in 1881, on December 2. And after 2 years, on March 14, 1883, Karl fell asleep forever in his chair. He was buried in London, in Highgate Cemetery, with his wife.
Several children of Marx died in London in a children'sage at a time when his family was very poor. Three daughters - Jenny Longe, Laura Lafargue and Eleanor Eveling - married the socialists of France and England. The son of Jenny Longe is a member of the Socialist Party of France.
So, we told you about such a great man,as Karl Marx. Biography (a brief summary of his life, activities and creativity) gives only a superficial idea of him. We described the main events in order to encourage the reader to further acquaintance with this interesting person.
Biography of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels inSoviet time was part of the compulsory program of many educational institutions. Now the study of the lives of these people are mainly engaged in historians and economists. However, the ideas developed by them are of great interest. It would be very interesting to get to know a man like Karl Marx. Biography, interesting facts about him, works and ideas are all pages of history that can be studied for a long time.
