In the scientific community, there is often such a term,as "national resources of society". In what context is it most commonly used? What practical significance does it have for the science and economy of the world? What can characterize the national resources of Russian society? How correctly to interpret this term in relation to various spheres?
In most contexts, the term "nationalresources of the society "is closely connected with information technologies.This concept can in itself be used much broader, it often happens.National resources can be understood as those that are relevant to nature, to the intellect of the nation, culture, traditions.
But in practice this term most often correlates with another - "information resources". Let us consider the essence of this phenomenon.
What are the main concepts that reveal the essence ofsuch a phenomenon as information resources? Among the popular ones is a definition based on a theory according to which human society develops consistently in the course of the formation of various historical formations. According to the widespread classification, there are pre-industrial societies, that is, those in which the human life support base was based on manual labor. Gradually it developed. As a result, an industrial society emerged, in which the main efforts of people were directed to the production of material goods.
A term such as "resource", meaninga certain reserve, which can be used, if necessary. To those that are characteristic of an industrial society, scientists usually refer to material, labor, natural, and financial resources. There are world, but there are national resources of society. The industrial formation, as social theorists believe, has evolved into an informational one. There were, in turn, world and national information resources.
Theorists of post-industrial society believe,that modern developed countries as the dependence on various sources of information - economic, political, technical, - began to experience the need for an appropriate resource that would allow, for example, to effectively transfer, process and store data. As a result, under the urgent demands of the society and the economies of developed countries, so-called national information resources appeared. What are their characteristics? What characterizes the national resources of the society of the post-industrial formation?
They are usually referred to as economiccategories. That is, the importance of information resources can be traced primarily at the level of work on the efficiency of production and other types of business models. As soon as this tool appeared in developed countries, the processes in the corresponding segments of the economy accelerated.
Theorists talk about the emerging marketnational information resources. How is it arranged? The countries of the world on its territory export samples of various resources to each other, which in practice can be hardware-software solutions, various kinds of patents, drawings, licenses, production and economic management concepts, knowledge, patterns of behavior. There is a thesis that the information resources related to information resources are characterized by free access. That is, it is assumed that anyone can use them from their computer.
So, to the resources of the postindustrial society,Thus, they include knowledge, databases, certain algorithms (in practice they are computer programs that we use today), which allow us to solve actual problems. National information resources, as some experts believe, should be in the eyes of citizens of countries no less valuable than those that are characteristic of an industrial formation. What is their practical significance?
First of all, it is thatnational resources of the society, which are related to the type of information, serve as a tool for creating socially significant products. What for example? The theorists of the information society refer to such virtually any digital products - files, programs. One of their characteristics is the location on some data carrier, electronic (in this case it is a question of the possibility of its transfer from one subject to another in non-material form) or traditional - in the form of books or documents.
With information products are closely neighborsof the same name. What are they? According to popular opinion among the theorists, information services are the result of non-productive activities of people with the purpose of helping someone to satisfy those or other needs. In this case, we are talking about the need to obtain an information product.
How are the mechanisms for using resources characteristic of post-industrial systems (which are traditionally regarded as automated)? How do they rotate information?
To answer these questions, we will again have tosomewhat delve into the theory. First, let's try to determine what the "information system" is. According to the interpretation of the interpretation of the theorists of post-industrial society, this term is very capacious. It can include several components at once. One of them is the information world and national resources of society, the characteristics of which were given above. That is, it is data, information, knowledge in the form of documents and files. Also, information systems can include data sets designed to structure information in order to effectively use them in solving specific tasks. Another component of information systems is technology, which are tools and methods for collecting, storing and processing data. In addition, in information systems there are various kinds of functionally significant mechanisms. These are hardware, software, legal tools, organizational resources, and so on.
According to the provisions of theorists belonging tothe number of information world and national resources of society - is the basis of modern process control systems. They find their practical application in the form of computerized systems, including communication ones. The role of the toolkit intended for information processing, experts consider, is as great for modern developed countries, as well as industrial resources in an industrial society. The economic power of states is largely determined not only by, say, national natural resources, but also by information resources.
With the phenomenon in question, are closely related,thus, economic systems. Consider it on the example of our country. The functioning of modern enterprises, theorists believe, at a level that meets the requirements of a post-industrial society, is possible only when only high-quality information resources are used. The potential of their application is just as great as the one that is typical for industry, energy, education. It is known that all these phenomena are the national resources of Russia. And their importance is not very much disputed by anyone.
However, if we follow the conceptstheorists of post-industrial society, our country has chances for world influence only if it develops mechanisms that ensure the full realization of the potential inherent in national information resources. How should this happen? How to use the potential in question, so that the Russian national resource in the form of an aggregate of natural resources, people's intellect, culture is supplemented by mechanisms characteristic of post-industrial trends?
Theorists believe that the information potential,which is present in the society, should not be limited to the possibility of using only a technological tool. It is important that the state has an appropriate level of scientific school, social institutions have been developed that can impart new impulses in using the opportunities that information resources provide. We need a school for training specialists who are ready to do this.
The national information resources of Russia are,Thus, not only access to technology, it is also an opportunity for carrying out relevant research, allowing qualitative improvement of methodological and engineering approaches to solving urgent problems. Only in this case there is a chance in the Russian Federation to build, as theorists of postindustrialism believe, a modern information society. Actually, what is it, according to popular concepts, can it represent?
A common interpretation is thatit is legitimate to consider information society, where a significant part of citizens are engaged in that receives, processes, transfers or stores various kinds of information, files, data. That is, it operates with the main national resource - information, through which people can effectively organize any kind of activity. What are the criteria for the development of society to the level of information? Experts name three main ones - the prevalence of computer equipment, the development of networks, as well as the percentage of the population working in the IT field.
Well, judging by these criteria, Russia canit is quite possible to claim the status of a country that has managed to build an information society. The Russian national resource is supplemented by world-famous giants of the IT industry, the growing market of online retail and other related segments (banking, processing, etc.). Some experts also believe that the criterion of a post-industrial society can be considered the ability of citizens to navigate in the legal and ethical nuances of a new formation. It's about the so-called "information culture".
According to a number of theorists, the prospects for developmentmodern states can depend on how effectively the concepts of using the potential of information resources in various sectors of the economy will be implemented. Why? As we said above, the main thing that characterizes the national resources of the society, related to information - is belonging to the economic category. The most important aspect of the development of society and the country is the effectiveness of their use. Economic information is one of the most practically significant parts of the resources in question. The state's stability, the stability of its production systems and business models depend, therefore, on the quality of the national information resources of society.
Interesting is the fact that the significance of conceptstheorists of post-industrial formations is recognized not only in narrow scientific circles, but also at the level of big politics. There are examples of international agreements, the sides of which, in the person of individual states of the world, recognized the importance of joint work in the sphere of forming a commonness of information resources and corresponding systems. In particular, a number of documents reflecting the signing of this type of interstate agreements say that modern partnership is largely based on the quality of information that is used by society - both at the level of individual nations and in the aspect of global interaction.
Informatization, experts believe, is recognizedgovernments the most important aspect of the development of the economy and culture of the countries of the world. To control the procedures that ensure the implementation of the potential of the resource concerned, responsible structures and institutions are established at the state level, in the system of executive authorities. If the relevant agreement, signed by the states, provides for the implementation of measures related to the effective use of the potential of information resources, coordinators with significant powers may be identified to solve such tasks.
It is also interesting that the conceptual apparatus,which is laid down by theorists of the postindustrial society, is practically in the same form set forth in interstate agreements. This may indicate that the problems of the concepts that we are considering today - those that affect national information resources - are accepted and, on the whole, more or less unequivocally interpreted at the level of international partnership. Including with the participation of Russia. Also, in order to ensure that partners in the person of different states do not differ in understanding the goals and tasks arising in the course of joint work, standards can be defined on the basis of which participants in the process of consolidating state priorities in the development of the information potential of the society can interact. Simultaneously with the elements of standardization, it is also possible to establish certification procedures for the partners to ensure that they have the correct tools to use the rules and norms fixed in the course of the agreements.
What our country can boast of in practice,if we talk about the development of the information culture, about how effectively we use the appropriate resource, about the level of technology penetration? Above we have told what characterizes the national resources of an informational type society - the relationship with the economy. How much is this trend expressed in Russia?
Examples that would give answers tothe issues outlined in an optimistic manner are sufficient in Russia. Take for consideration such a trend as the translation of library content (books, articles, journals) from traditionally paper to digital form. Here, Russia is doing well. We have, for example, an online project like "Rukont" - a national digital resource where Internet users can download books, periodicals, various multimedia content - audio, video, as well as programs. This portal is an interbranch library based on the concept of "CONTEXTUM". "Rukont" - a national digital resource, familiar to many Russians, it is replenished with new sources of knowledge every day. Its creators are actively working to improve the functionality of the interface, and the content content is constantly expanding. The resource has a large network of partners, which include major publishers, universities, libraries. And not only in Russia, but also abroad.
In Russia, a system of electronic referencecatalogs. They can find information on, perhaps, most registered in our country legal entities - businesses, government agencies, non-profit organizations. If we, for example, are interested in the Charity Fund "National Resources", then information about this institution we can easily find not even in one online catalog.
With the importance of the IT sphere in the economy we also haveeverything is fine. Turnovers of the largest Russian corporations in this sphere are estimated at billions of dollars. Many IT brands from our country are known throughout the world and are leaders in their segments. In Russia there are also competitive online projects - a well-known national resource for mail exchange, not even one, a huge social network, its own search system.
Regarding the spread of the Internet inRussia, these figures are generally comparable with developed countries. Access to the Network is for residents of almost all localities, and through several channels at once. This is a wired connection, mobile, satellite. Therefore, the level of information culture in our country probably should not be inferior to what is present in developed countries. It is very important. This, according to theorists, is what characterizes the national resources of a post-industrial type society. Along, of course, with the economic factor.
