ODAB-500 is a series of aerosolbombs Soviet / Russian production. The name of the series is an abbreviation of the phrase "space-detonating aerial bomb." The numbers in the designation show the rounded weight of the ammunition. According to some information, in a series there are bombs weighing 500, 1000, 1100 and 1500 kg.
Данный тип авиабомб использует явление, при which explodes a gas cloud formed during the instantaneous sublimation of the source liquid explosive (EX). According to a similar mechanism, dust clouds explode, known since the second half of the XIX century. At that time, repeated volumetric explosions of clouds of combustible dust at milling and textile industries, coal dust in mines, etc. were recorded. A little later, in the 20th century, steam clouds exploded over oil products in the holds of tankers and inside oil refineries and tank farms.
Most conventional explosives are a mixture offuels with an oxidizer (powder, for example, contains 25% of fuel and 75% of an oxidizer), while the vapor-gas cloud is almost 100% fuel, using oxygen from ambient air to generate an intense, high-temperature explosion. In practice, the blast wave resulting from the use of a volume-detonating ammunition has a significantly longer duration of exposure than from conventional condensed explosives. Therefore, the volume explosion bombs are much more powerful (in TNT equivalent) than conventional ammunition of equal mass.
Но зависимость от атмосферного кислорода делает they are unsuitable for use under water, at high altitude and in adverse weather conditions. They do, however, lead to significantly greater damage when used inside enclosed spaces such as tunnels, caves and bunkers, partly because of the duration of the blast wave, partly consuming the oxygen available inside. In power and destructive power, these air bombs are second only to tactical nuclear weapons.
Объемно-детонирующие авиабомбы были разработаны the Germans during the Second World War, but they did not have time to apply them before its completion. Other countries in the post-war period also experimented with this weapon (in Western terminology it is called thermobaric, and the erroneous term “vacuum bombs” caught on in the domestic media). It was first used in Vietnam by the United States, which, however, denied this fact. The first American thermobaric bomb with an explosive effect comparable to the detonation of nine tons of TNT weighed 1180 kg and was designated BLU-76B.
Soviet scientists and designers quickly developedits own weapon of this type, which was first used in a border conflict with China in 1969 and in Afghanistan against the mountain shelters of Islamist militants. Since then, research and development continues.
ОДАБ-500 была разработана ГНПП "Базальт" в Москве in the 1980s. She was presented to the public in the early 1990s. In 1995, a modified version of ODAB-500PM was shown at an exhibition in Paris. In 2002, the international exhibition of weapons Russian Expo Arms. The modified ODAB-500PMV aerial bomb was presented and offered for sale. These munitions are sold through Aviaexport and Rosoboronexport.
The Russian Aerospace Forces currently have wideassortment of thermobaric weapons, which was used in the 90s in the war in Chechnya, and is also actively used during the operation against the terrorist organization ISIS in Syria. Relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, these weapons have been in the arsenals of many countries for decades.
It was designated ODAB-500P and had a mechanicalnon-contact fuse. The algorithm of his work includes the release from the nose of the flying cable bombs cable with a contact device, the leader at the end. The braking of the leader by the earth's surface (or ground obstacle) triggers the contacts of the inertia contactor included in the electrical circuit, undermining the body of the bomb and releasing 145 kg of liquid explosive into the air. After a short time delay, sufficient for the formation of a gas cloud, the initiating charge, which is installed in the tail section, is undermined, and a volumetric explosion begins.
Serial version of ODAB-500PM with radio altimetercan be dropped from an aircraft from a height of 200 to 12,000 meters and at a speed of 50-1500 km / h. At a height of 30 to 50 m, a brake parachute is thrown out to stabilize the bomb's hull and slow its fall. At the same time, a radio altimeter is launched, measuring the instantaneous height of the munition above the ground. At a height of 7 to 9 m, the bomb case is undermined, and 193 kg of liquid explosives of an unknown formulation are sprayed into the air, after which a gas cloud is formed. With a delay of 100 to 140 milliseconds, this cloud detonates by detonating an additional charge. An explosion for a short time creates a very high temperature and pressure from 20 to over 30 bar. The force of the explosion is approximately equivalent to 1000 kg of TNT. The effective range against field fortifications is 25 m. For automobiles and airplanes, as well as for living purposes, the range of a bomb is 30 m.
The ODAB-500PMV version is optimized for use from helicopters at a bombing height of 1100–4000 m at a speed of 50–300 km / h, although it can also be dropped from aircraft, i.e., it is all-high.
Bomb ODAB-500 (and its modifications) hascylindrical elongated body with a round cross section and a lancet tip. On its back there are four flat stabilizers, around which an annular wing is located. In front of the bomb is an electromechanism platoon. In the central part there is a cylindrical container with a liquid explosive and a dispersing charge. In the rear of the bomb there is a container for the brake parachute and the initiating secondary charge. The length of the ammunition is 2.28-2.6 m, and weight - from 520 to 525 kg, depending on the version. The diameter of the hull is 500 mm, and the wingspan of the stabilizers is also about 500 mm.
In September 2007, test shots flew around the world.The new Russian super-power bomb of a volumetric explosion, which immediately received the nickname in the title of this section. Describing its destructive power, the deputy head of the Russian General Staff, Alexander Rukshin, said: "Everything that is alive, simply evaporates."
Этот боеприпас, получивший в СМИ условное The designation ODAB-9000 (the actual is still unknown) is reportedly four times more powerful than the American thermobaric bomb GBU-43 / B, which is often referred to in the media as the "mother of all bombs." This Russian ammunition has become the most powerful conventional (non-nuclear) weapon in the world.
The capacity of ODAB-9000 is equivalent to 44 tons of trotyl using about seven tons of new type of explosives. For comparison: the American bomb is equivalent to 11 tons of trotyl at 8 tons of liquid explosives.
Мощность взрыва и ударная волна российской бомбы although they have a much smaller scale, they are still comparable to tactical nuclear weapons of minimal power (namely, they are comparable, but not equal!). Unlike nuclear weapons, known for their radioactive fallout, the use of weapons of volumetric explosion makes it possible not to damage or pollute the environment beyond the blast radius.
The Russian bomb is smaller than the GBU-43 / B, but much more dangerous, because the temperature at the center of its explosion is twice as high, and the radius of the explosion of the Russian ammunition is 300 meters, which is also twice as large.
