The nature of the Moscow region transformed severalgenerations. Each of them adapted to the changes and continued to “correct” it in its own way. Such human activity has not remained without consequences. Today it can be observed in the changed forests, in the drying up rivers and springs, in frequent droughts and cold snaps.
Rivers and lakes of the Moscow region still in recentthe past were very rich in fish. They contained sterlet, white salmon, sturgeon. But factories polluted water bodies, poisoned fish. As a result of the unreasonable use of rivers, the fish stocks of the region have been depleted.
Recently, measures have been takencontributing to the replenishment of fish stocks - cleaning of rivers, a ban on fishing with nets, a serious fight against poachers. Millions of carp, zander and other fish species have been released into rivers and lakes of the Moscow Region.
This work has yielded positive results.Today in the waters of the region is found about fifty species of fish. These are tench, crucian carp, roach, pike, chub, perch, ide, carp, gudgeon and others. In addition, they began to breed mirror carp and trout.
The significance of the reservoirs of the Moscow region as placesrest of the townspeople and guests of the capital. Every year thousands of Muscovites spend their holidays in the beautiful nature. Lakes of the Moscow region, the rest on the shores of which has become very comfortable, thanks to the recreation centers built here, have become a favorite place for many people. Today there are modern motels, guest houses.
In the summer, recreation camps for children are set up on the banks of the reservoirs, kindergartens and nurseries are taken here.
The most vulnerable are the small rivers of the Moscow region.They are the first to respond to rash human economic activity - to plow, deforestation, irrigation, drainage. They have a lower ability to self-cleaning, more often and faster polluted.
Currently, there are 4,312 in the regionrivers. All of them (except for the Moscow River) are small. A century and a half ago, there were 25% more rivers, and judging by historical materials, there were twice as many springs as today. Dense broad-leaved oak forests, in which linden and elm grew, maple and ash, having a developed root system, retained rain moisture. She entered deep into the soil, and did not run across its surface. Thereby the high water of the rivers was provided, spring floods were prevented.
This is the real pride of the capital. Its length is 502 km.It originates in a swamp, which is surrounded by hills, 500 meters from the village of Starkove (Mozhaisky District). The mouth of the river is located near Kolomna.
The river flows through very picturesque places.They are especially beautiful in the area of Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod. Steep shores with centuries-old pines and birches create a unique landscape. Often these places are called "Switzerland near Moscow."
362 small rivers and more flow into this riverfive hundred streams. It feeds on melted snow (61%), rain (12%) and ground (27%) waters. In early April, the river opens. The water rises by 2 m in the upper reaches, in the lower reaches - up to 8 m. The ice drift is short - no more than 5 days.
Large left tributaries - Istra, Ruza, Pekhorka, and right - Koloch and Parha. Almost in the very center of the city, the river takes the left tributary, the Yauzu.
The Moscow River plays a big role in the water supply of the city. At the very beginning of the 20th century, a dam was built with filters in Rublev, which purifies water. Here is a water protection zone.
Today in the water supply of the capital play a huge role reservoirs, which were created in the basin of the Moscow River (Mozhaisk and Istra). Several new complexes are being developed.
In the suburbs there are many lakes.Most of them are located in the northern and western regions of the region. To date, 350 lakes are registered. Some lakes of the Moscow region are of glacial origin. They are mainly located on the Klin-Dmitrov Upland (Nerskoye, Trostenskoye, Dolgoye, Krugloye, etc.). More extensive, but not so deep lakes are located in the Meshchersky lowland, in swamps (Holy, Black, Oak, Karasevo, Great).
Today in many agricultural enterprises of the Moscow regionThe pond economy is actively developing. Waterfowl and fish are bred here. Such pond farms are in Tsaritsyn, in Zagorsk (Ptitsegrad). These reservoirs are a favorite vacation spot - in the summer you can go boating or fishing here. Water from ponds is used for irrigation of gardens and vegetable gardens, and sludge at the bottom is a good fertilizer.
In Noginsk district, in the east of the region,there is a whole network of reservoirs. These lakes of the Moscow region are contemporaries of the Ice Age. They are surrounded by forests, in which a lot of mushrooms and berries. A lot of fish have been preserved in the lakes, waterfowl live on the shores. Occasionally a hunter or fisherman appears here who loves peace and quiet.
Озера этой группы относятся к двум бассейнам - Dubna and Sherna rivers. This is White, Vynovo, Borovoe, Light. The Dubna basin includes such lakes of the Moscow region: Gray, Tonitskoe, Black, Mochino and Teploe. Some of them produce peat.
On the territory of this area there are manyreservoirs of natural origin. One of them is Borisoglebskoe Lake, located in the territory of the city of Ramenskoye. The first information about him dates back to the times of the oprichnina of the powerful Ivan the Terrible. The name of this reservoir is associated with the names of the first Russian saints - the princes Gleb and Boris, killed by order of Svyatopolk.
It is located near the citySolnechnogorsk. It is considered the largest lake in the Moscow region. This is a beautiful corner of nature. It has long been chosen by Muscovite fishermen. Its picturesque green banks caress the eyes. The lake is surrounded by dense groves in which you can find bright, flower-covered lawns. In spring and autumn, migratory waterfowl stop to rest on the shores of the lake.
In Ruza district among swampy forests, in 20km north of the station Tuchkovo, there is a small lake Glubokoe, whose area is about 55 hectares. It is located in the basin. In the eastern part, its depth reaches 38 m.
Not all lakes of the Moscow region differ in such depth, therefore its name is quite justified.
Blue clay and largeboulders. This indicates the glacial origin of the reservoir. The shores are overgrown with reeds and various shrubs. From the lake flows a small river Malaya Istra.
Deep is famous for lots of fish,therefore, fishermen from all over the region come here. Here is the hydrobiological station of Moscow State University. She studies the lakes of the Moscow region for further settling them with various fish.
It is located on the banks of the Oka, 155 km from the capital; The city of Lakes of the Moscow Region is washed by the Oka from the south. The remaining sides are covered with mixed forests. Pine forests and birch groves are often found here.
The city was named in honor of the first settlement - the village of Ozerki - and the natural reservoir - Lake Lower. In general, in the floodplain of the Oka there were about 50 such reservoirs.
The lakes of Moscow and the Moscow region are a great gift of nature that we must protect in order for the next generations to admire its beauty.
