What types of political system are most popular today?

The concept of a political system arose inpolitical science back in the middle of the XX century and implies a cumulative set of institutional bodies and legal norms that determine the life of society. First of all, of course, in the political sphere (except for it there is a cultural, social and economic), that is

the relationship between the authorities and the people, the transferpower, their implementation and so on. At the same time, the types of political systems of society were singled out, each of which had characteristic features in the exercise of power. A variety of states and countries have passed completely unique historical paths. Not surprisingly, the specific experience of societies in different parts of the world gave them completely different types of political system. For example, democracy could not originate in the depths of eastern tyranny and became a logical result of the development of capitalism.

Politic system. Concept and types

Modern political scientists distinguish three main types that exist in the world today.

Types of political system: democracy

At the heart of this system is the principle of collective solutions. Once she was born in ancient Greek policies and was characterized by a meeting of all citizens of the city

(ecless) for making important decisions, as well asfor the election of the council of archons - a kind of governing body. However, today the states are, as a rule, very large-scale for such a simple single assembly. Nevertheless, the basic principles of democracy have been preserved. Moreover, it has developed through the experience of state-building and the theoretical works of the thinkers of the New and New Age. The modern democratic structure implies the obligatory separation of the branches of power in order to avoid its usurpation, regular re-election of each of these branches and government posts, equality of all before the law, regardless of property and official status. The main thing in this concept is that the people are recognized as the supreme carrier of power, while any organ of the government is only its servant. This implies the right of the popular masses to a reciprocal uprising if the government goes beyond the law.

Types of political system: authoritarianism

Despite the mechanisms in democratic systemsprotection from the usurpation of power, the latter sometimes happens. It may be, for example, the result of a military coup, or it may not be the result of democracy at all, having been formed in the state in the place of archaic forms (for example, a monarchy that has preserved its position to the present day). Authoritarianism is characterized by the concentration of all government powers in the hands of a single person or group of like-minded people. Often it is accompanied by a violation of human and civil rights, the lack of real opposition in the country, and so on.

Types of political system: totalitarianism

At first glance, this system is very similar toauthoritarianism. However, if it is held by the force of military bayonets and the suppression of political freedoms, then totalitarianism is distinguished by the deepest control over the social and spiritual life of society. A person here from an early age through various state organizations is brought up in the conviction that this power and this path are the only true ones. Therefore, paradoxically, often totalitarian systems are characterized by greater legitimacy than authoritarian ones.