At the current time in Russia is about 24000 objects that are related to landfills of solid domestic waste. However, only a tenth of them are operated on a legal basis, not to mention compliance with the rules and regulations established by Rosprirodnadzor. This is partly due to the problems that arise at the stages of registration, design and construction of such facilities. It is not a secret that the solid waste landfills are very specific and impose special requirements on the owners on the content, as well as reclamation or transfer to another status. Each of these issues should be studied in detail to improve the chances of realizing a modern, safe and legally clean landfill.
Waste collection and disposal activities are strictlyregulated and subject to registration. A document authorizing the handling of domestic and industrial waste is a license. Before you start the registration procedure, you need to make sure that the company meets the requirements of the supervisory authority that will evaluate the landfill. The license is issued only on the condition that the facility meets the sanitary and epidemiological standards, has the necessary equipment in the equipment, is serviced by workers with professional training, etc. In addition, the applicant must provide a draft system that will carry out production control during the handling of waste.
Those wishing to obtain a license to conduct this kind of activity must submit to Rosprirodnadzor a package that includes the following set of documents:
Rosprirodnadzor checks information and documents,sent by the applicants, within 5 days. Based on the results of the inspection, a decision is made in the form of a refusal or license. As a rule, SHW landfills are licensed if they initially meet the technical, legal and environmental requirements. It also matters the correctness of the package of documents. During procedural processing, Rosprirodnadzor employees check the completeness and reliability of the information specified in the application and documents.
It is important to note that in the construction of the lastso-called self-regulating communities (SROs) are gaining popularity, participation in which relieves new market participants from the need to obtain a corresponding license. In the sphere of waste management, this practice is only gaining momentum, but joining the SRO of this profile can be very useful. Representatives of such associations not only legalize their landfills, but also receive legal, as well as information and technical support from their colleagues, which is especially important at the first stages of the enterprise development.
At the stage of project development, thespecial designation of the landfill as an object designed to collect and neutralize domestic waste. To minimize the hazardous effects of such complexes on the ecological situation of the adjacent territory, the project provides for protective systems that act as barriers to the path of pollutants. Their presence and causes the difference between special landfills and ordinary landfills.
To successfully neutralize harmful effects in the operation of a future facility, the design of solid waste landfills should include the following works:
The design is carried out in accordance with the principles that allow minimizing the likelihood of an environmental crisis and pollution environment. The most important from the point of view of safety are water objects.
Measures for the technical implementation of projectsLandfills in many respects are similar to traditional objects of construction. Such complexes may include the same engineering communications, economic structures, etc. The difference is the inclusion of special requirements for insulation and the selection of building materials. In addition, the construction of a solid waste landfill site also involves the construction of sanitary facilities with anti-filtration screens, which are the main elements in any complex of this type.
Natural geological obstacles tothe spread of pollution in practice is rare, so developers are installing special protective screens on the surface of the work area. With the help of such barriers, the risk of harmful damage to the environment as a result of unfavorable environment of polygons is minimized.
Starting the design of the test site, one can not excludeprobability of its possible reclamation. This is a responsible exercise, in which the site occupied by the landfill acquires the former ecologically sound condition.
At the same time, recultivation of solid domestic waste landfills can be carried out according to different technological methods of neutralization, including the following stages:
There are several groups of technological methods for eradicating a landfill. The base includes the extraction and disposal of waste in another safe place and destruction directly on the landfill.
