Transbaikal State National Park -true pearl of Buryatia. The unique landscapes of the eastern coast of Baikal, valuable natural complexes, the preservation of which was threatened, prompted the Government of the RSFSR in 1986 to issue a decree on the creation in this area of a park under state protection.
Here is a real paradise for animals:more than 44 species of mammals, 50 - vertebrates, 241 species of birds, 3 species of reptiles and the same number of amphibians. Many representatives of the fauna are included in the Red Book of Russia.
National Park is part of a hugecomplex, the present repository of northern sights and natural beauty called Zapovednoye Plemorye. It consists of two more parks - Frolikhinsky reserve and Barguzinsky reserve. All three conservation areas are part of the “Lake Baikal” object, which is under the protection of UNESCO.
The territory of the protected area coversAcademic, Sredinny, Svyatonossky and Barguzinsky range and in total occupies 269 thousand hectares. 37 thousand hectares is the water area of Baikal, the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
Most of the reserve complex is occupied by mountain slopes, in abundance covered with thickets of yernik, elfin cedar, larch, pine and cedar taiga.
Одним из самых красивых мест считается полуостров Holy Nose: The Chivyrkuyskyi Isthmus connects it with the eastern coast of Baikal. The top of the Academic Ridge, which is the underwater boundary between the northern and southern hollows of the Baikal Basin, is represented by the Small Ushkany Islands and the Big Ushkany Island.
This formation was named the archipelago of the Ushkani Islands.
Transbaikal National Park is famous forThe largest haulout of freshwater seals on the Baikal is the seal. It is an endemic of Baikal and the only representative of the pinniped squad. Most of the seals are found on the Ushkany Islands, where their numbers sometimes reach 2500 - 3000 individuals. In the autumn, during storms, the seal (most often pregnant females) moves to Chivyrkuy Bay. However, this is not their wintering place: having recovered and rested, the seals again go into the open water, since the bay is covered with ice.
The bay is famous for its thermal springs,The most famous of which is Serpentine. It is obliged by its name to the population of the grass snake living in the Arangatui marshes. The temperature of the water in the source sometimes reaches + 50-60 degrees. Mineral springs Nechaevsky and Kuliyny bogs are popular among park guests.
Берега Чивыркуйского залива сильно изрезаны, воды crash into land for 25 kilometers. This feature led to the fact that along the entire reservoir appeared small sandy bays protected from the winds up to five meters deep. One of the most remarkable is the Ongokon Bay.
Five tourist routes make it possibleGuests to get acquainted with the inhabitants of the protected area, its beauty and breathtaking landscapes. From the highest point of the park - Mount Markovo, located on the peninsula of Holy Nose, an amazing panorama of the area.
Природа Бурятии разнообразна и прекрасна в любом its manifestation. So, while taking a boat trip on the Chivyrkuisky Bay, you can admire these islands, the steep banks of which turned into a refuge for numerous gray and silver gulls, who make their nests here.
Парк находится в среднебайкальском восточном climatic region characterized by a continental climate with warm, sometimes dry summers and long cold winters. The influence of Baikal softens the weather conditions in the coastal part of the protected area. The average temperature in winter is -19 degrees Celsius, in summer +14 degrees. The water temperature in the lake does not rise above +14 degrees even on the hottest days.
Забайкальский национальный парк богат водными resources. Many small rivers flow here, among which are the Big Chivyrkui, the Malaya and the Bolshaya Cheremshan. The basins of these rivers are closed, so they carry their waters to Baikal. There are also lakes here: the largest of them are Arangatuy and Small Arangatuy, located on the Chivyrkuy isthmus and connected to the bay. Bormashov Lake is smaller in size and is known for its mineral waters.
A feature of the park is the presence of karst lakes - there are more than twenty of them.
Забайкальский край находится в зоне таежных forest, which directly affects the structure of the vegetation cover of this area. It is due to the vertical zonality of the Transbaikal mountain regions. Forests mainly consist of coniferous trees: Gmelin larch, Siberian fir, pine, cedar and cedar elfin woods.
A small area is occupied by deciduous forests, mostly represented by stone and broadleaf birch and aspen.
Transbaikal National Park is differentunusual distribution of mountain taiga forests compared to their location in the continental Siberian mountains. So, in the park the number of cedar-larch and larch trees is relatively small - their area takes about 14 thousand hectares, and they are located on madder on river terraces, while in other Siberian forests such trees are represented in the majority.
The flora of the protected area is diverse, many plant species are endemic and relict. The most valuable of them settled on the highlands of the Ushkany Islands and the Holy Nose.
These include chozenia, communities of cedar elfin wood and yernik, Tillinga borodinia.
A real home for sables, wolves, wolverines,Zabaikalsky National Park became bears, foxes, squirrels, elks, brown bears, red-gray voles, hazel grouses, Siberian pine forests, musk deer, black-capped marmot and many other fauna representatives. The animals here feel completely safe.
Среди представителей земноводных встречаются rare species - Siberian and moorish frogs. The six species of reptiles that also live here include the grass snake, the sand lizard, the shield-mord, and the live-lizard.
Among the birds, both sedentary and migratory, you canmeet white and yellow wagtails, brown tit, tussock, dubrovniki, nuthatch, nutcracker, lapwing tree, snipe, chernysha, river tern, gray-and-silver teas Sometimes in the park you can see a black stork (the nesting place of which remains a mystery), golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon and osprey.
Another rare bird that disappeared from the coast of Baikal and lives in a small amount in the Chivyrkuisky Bay is the Great Cormorant.
Many species of birds make their nesting sites.swamps hidden from human eyes and located mostly on the Chivyrkuy isthmus. Here is also the least transformed ecosystem of the world - the Arangatui bogs, inhabited by elks, wood grouses, and muskrats.
The most numerous is the group of waterfowl, represented by the common mallard, gogol, pintail, whooper swan, teal-whistle and red-headed dive.
There are also owl-shaped birds in the park: the marsh and eared owls, the long-tailed owl, the owl and the snowy owl are very rare guests, found only in winter or in places where the foot of a person rarely steps.
National parks of Buryatia, includingTransbaikal National Park, rich in various representatives of the underwater world. Thus, perch, ide, Siberian grayling, dace, burbot, omul, Baikal sturgeon, pike, roach, and an endemic species — a small golomyanka — are found in water bodies.
The nearest settlement to the park is Ust-Barguzin settlement.
You can get here by land or water.The best route by land is a private transport service, which departs from Irkutsk along the coast of Baikal. From the capital of the Republic of Buryatia - the city of Ulan-Ude - you can get to the park by taxi or bus.
The distance to the reserve is about 275 km and the road takes about 5-6 hours.
It is necessary to take into account that most of the way passesalong the gravel road. For people who prefer the water route, private flights depart from the port of Baikal, as well as from the villages of Khuzhir, Nizhneangarsk and Listvyanka.
Visiting this park, you will not regret it for a minute, because it is not only the visiting card of Baikal, but also a real oasis of natural wonders that the Trans-Baikal Territory is rich with!
