К сожалению, наша школьная система образования focuses on the exact sciences, often completely forgetting about the natural sciences. As a result, the overwhelming majority of high school graduates are completely unaware of the elementary foundations of biology. It would seem that nothing terrible: after all, we don’t often face it in our everyday life ... However, this is not so. For example, do you know what hybridization is? Is this a natural or man-made process? What is it for and is it dangerous for us?
But as a result of ignorance of such alphabeticTruths are widely spread and flourish with various desks that produce “miracle drugs”, “natural foods” and other nonsense, emphasizing (among other things) the absence of hybrid organisms in their products. Let's try to understand these burning questions in more detail.
To begin with, hybridization is perfectnatural biological process. Hybridization is the process of obtaining a hybrid: an organism obtained as a result of mating or over-pollination of two different species. It is natural and artificial. Of course, as a result of the natural process, much more viable organisms are obtained that can produce fertile offspring.
Причин тому несколько.As a rule, natural (natural) hybridization is the process of crossing two closely related species or subspecies. This happens quite often, often leading to the extinction and assimilation of one of the parent species. An ideal example of such a process is the absorption of island animals by closely related species from the mainland, with their intentional (with the help of humans) or accidental ingress there. Endemics are quickly swallowed up by more aggressive and strong relatives.
However, in some cases the same process maylead to the formation of a completely new species. This is possible again in the case of hitting a certain population on an island or other hard-to-reach place. For a long time, when representatives of the same species from the continent from time to time enter this population, a new subspecies or even an animal or plant species is observed. It takes a lot of time, but this is how endemics appeared. In this case, hybridization is the jogging mechanism of speciation.
However, far more often this process is artificial.character The reason for this is that a person is extremely interested in creating species with certain characteristics. This type of hybridization has been known since antiquity. This is how many varieties of cereals, cattle and horses were bred. It can be said that humanity is strongly obliged to hybrids, since they possessed higher yields and better economic qualities, which ultimately predetermined the development of agriculture and science.
Now increasingly commongets hybridization of somatic cells: it is the process of crossing two non-sex cells of completely different species. For example, you can get a hybrid mouse with a frog. This method is used not only to study the prospects of cell engineering, but also to develop new drugs.
