Even in the recent past, the Middle Volga andadjacent reservoirs were famous for their stocking. A basis for commercial fish stocks in the Samara region were sturgeon and salmon species, which were caught in huge quantities and were valued much higher than the "white" species: pike, bream, pike perch and others. The so-called "red" fish was the most important commodity for export and was quoted on the domestic market. In the 19th century, herring was also famous (in particular, the black stalk), the schools of which came to spawn in these places.
Today on the Middle Volga and in surrounding reservoirsThere are more than 50 species of underwater inhabitants that make up fish stocks in the Samara region. They are classified as 16 families and 10 detachments (some are rather poor: for example, only sturgeon is found from sturgeon).
Species diversity is mainly represented inthis detachment. Here there are more than 30 species and 20 genera. Pisces of the Samara region: roach and bumblebee, bream and zinc, asp and tench, yazi and chubby, cupids and carp, pods and crochetes, carp and carp - these are the main representatives of this detachment.
This unit yields to the carp in the presented variety quite clearly. It is represented by 9 species: perch, ruff, borsham, zander, bulls, pugolovkami, podkamenshchikom, rotan.
Fishes of the Samara region are represented andsalmon-like. There are 5 species: brook and rainbow trout, peled, snack (smelt euro), vendace. A detachment of herrings is represented by only two species of herring: tulle and black cherry. The group of needle-shaped ones is represented by fish-needle Caspian, catfish-common catfish, cod-like burbot, eel-like eel river, pike-like common pike, sturgeon-sterlet.
As a result of industrial and fishing activities of people from the 19th century, the gradual disappearance of some species of fish, previously inhabited in abundance in these places, begins. Here are some of them:
Some species by virtue of their ecologicalTolerance could adapt to the current environmental conditions. For example, sterlet, which retained its spawning grounds in the upper zones of the reservoir and survived. Although its fishing catch is prohibited by law today.
It is characteristic that the sturgeon in the Samara region stilluntil recently (19th century, early 20th) were a national resource and wealth of Russia. And for the catch of these fish our country was one of the first places in the world. The development of hydropower significantly changed the situation. The construction of dams and the construction of stations affected the regime of the river and prevented the free spread and spawning of some species.
Among other factors - change in the regime of water bodies(oxygen and fodder), draining into the aquatic environment a variety of waste, domestic and industrial. Water also pollutes water - water and land. A permanent overfishing of fish (catching more of it than it can reproduce) contributes to its gradual disappearance.
