In the 1980s, NATO countries began intensivetheir weapons. This was the impetus for the Central Scientific Research Institute to create a new concept for the development of military equipment for the airborne troops of the USSR. In order to create an effective weapon capable of resisting NATO tanks, in the 90s, the joint venture company Volgograd Tractor Plant developed a self-propelled anti-tank cannon 2S25 "Sprut-SD" specially for the Airborne Forces of Russia.
"Sprut-SD" 2S25 is a Russian airborneself-propelled antitank gun. The main designer, engaged in the manufacture of the chassis, was A. V. Shabalin. The 125-mm gun 2A75 to the "Sprut-SD" 2S25 was developed by VI Nasedkin. Work on the creation of this Russian anti-tank weapon was carried out in the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering.
In 1982, based on the BMP-2 combat vehicle,The model SAU 2S25 "Sprut-SD", designed for a caliber of 125 mm, was created. This was a confirmation that using the units and assemblies of the amphibious vehicle it is quite possible to create a new, very effective weapon. The management of the Central Research Institute Tochmash decided that to design a lighter chassis it is possible to use a lightweight tank "Object 934", which was equipped with a lightweight 100 mm rifled cannon with a charging automaton designed for 19 rounds.
One of these tanks became the basis for the creationprototype of the 125-millimeter gun. The upgraded "Sprut-SD" tank was now equipped with a smooth-bore 125 mm gun. In the process, a classical tower scheme was used. In addition, the designers considered options for the removal of weapons.
In 1984, for the experienced shooting at the training ground inThe cub was transported "Sprut-SD" 2S25. The results of the testing of the new automatic control system showed that in terms of accuracy of fire it is not inferior to tank guns, and the load acting on the crew and the gun itself does not exceed the permissible limits. On October 20, 1985, the Military Industrial Commission decided to begin production of a 125-millimeter gun for the Sprut-SD 2C25.
Means P260, ensuring the landing of the self-propelled unit, during the test showed a number of shortcomings:
As a result, work on the parachute-jet means was stopped, and the place P260 was occupied by a free-form landing system, which received the designation P260 M.
The self-propelled artillery system is a combat armored crawler floating machine, using as its armament a powerful artillery and missile system.
The ACS consists of three parts - housings:
At the workplace of the main crew, the designers of the artillery installation provide for the presence of such devices:
Main in the group with the help of night andday vision supervises the terrain. The commander of this self-propelled artillery installation, regardless of the gunner, can perform aimed shooting both from a machine gun and a cannon. This possibility is provided by a computerized fire control system: if the initial data are available, the tank ballistic computer calculates the angles and anticipations with the help of the drives. Due to this function, the commander is not required to perform retargeting using rangefinders and sight marks. The commander can freely perform shooting.
Anti-tank self-propelled artilleryinstallation - to this class of guns was included the combat vehicle "Sprut-SD" 2S25. The purpose and range of its tasks were reduced to fighting enemy tanks. Previously, this task was carried out by tanks such as PT-76B and "Object 934". They were replaced with the advent of 2S25 "Sprut-SD". The fire fighting machine, unlike other light tanks, has a higher firepower. Maneuverability and patency of the new automatic control system corresponds to the parameters characteristic for the combat weapons of light tanks. "Sprut-SD" is a modern and more advanced version of the PT-76B.
“Спрут-СД” в состоянии без дозаправки overcome distances of at least 500 kilometers. The ACS is transported by military transport aviation. Also landing ships can be used for this purpose. Landing and parachute methods are provided for landing by the developers. The crew of the combat vehicle is located in its cabin. Having a high power density, the Sprut-SD is suitable for combat operations both in high-altitude areas and in hot tropical climates.
SAU is able to withstand high-armoredenemy technique, its fortified strong points and manpower. Overcoming of water obstacles is possible provided that the excitement does not exceed 3 points. Work on water artillery installation can be at the expense of water-jet engines equipped on the chassis. The buoyancy of the installation is provided by means of water cushions with a diameter of 34 cm working wheels and supporting rollers. In the design of the automatic control system there are closed air chambers. When water enters the housing, pumping is carried out using powerful water pumps. Being afloat, "Sprut-SD" can fire.
After completing its combat mission, the ACS is adapted to carry out self-loading into the landing craft from the water surface.
Especially for work in snowy areassnow tracks and asphalt shoes are used. Sprut-SD is suitable for areas that have received radiation, chemical and biological contamination. The safety of the crew provides protection against weapons of mass destruction.
Masked military artillery machine canusing a smoke screen. For this purpose, the designers mounted on the stern sheet of the SAC tower brackets (2 pieces), in which there are six 902V grenade launchers using smoke grenades of 81 mm caliber.
Initially, the ACS was designed toopposition to tanks, various armored vehicles and manpower. 2S25 "Sprut-SD" - fighting machine fire support - was intended only for the Airborne Forces. The task of landing self-propelled artillery installation was to combat armored vehicles in the rear of the enemy. Over time, she became a member of the Marine Corps and Special Forces. The experience of using the 2S25 showed that, interacting with the BMD-4 combat vehicle equipped with a 100-mm gun and the self-propelled Kornet and Sprut-SD, it can be very effective not only in the rear of the enemy, but also in direct clashes, which spend ground troops of the Armed Forces of Russia.
In the period from 2001 to 2006, after additional tests were conducted, the troops of the Russian Federation received the Sprut-SD 2S25 combat vehicle at their disposal.
The weight of the combat vehicle is 18 tons.The crew consists of three people. Cruising is 500 km. The chassis consists of seven rubberized rollers, six single rubberized rollers, drive and guide wheels, steel double-caterpillar tracks that use rubber-metal hinges, and asphalt running shoes. The length of the ACS with a gun is 9.77 meters.
The fighting machine is equipped with a six-cylinderfour-stroke boxer diesel engine with supercharging and direct fuel injection, for which liquid cooling is provided. 2В-06-2С - the brand of the engine installed in the Sprut-SD 2S25. Engine specifications allow ACS to reach speeds from 45 (average) to 70 km / h.
ACS is equipped with anti-bullet armor.The frontal part is capable of withstanding direct hits of 23-mm shells from a distance of half a kilometer. In the process of making armor for a combat vehicle, aluminum alloys were used (for the body of the ACS and its towers). The device of the frontal part was made using steel linings. For combat vehicles, radio stations R-173 and intercoms R-174 are provided.
Airborne combat vehicle landingcarried out from the aircraft IL-76 (models M and MD), AN-124. The use of an external suspension for the MI-26 helicopter also allows successful landing of the Sprut-SD 2S25 self-propelled unit.
Вооружение армии РФ обогатилось САУ, оснащенной one smooth-bore cannon 2A75 and a PKT machine gun paired with it. Combat kit main gun 2A75 designed for 40 shots. Mechanized styling contains 22 ammunition. Additional - 18. Machine gun caliber: 7.62 mm. One machine gun belt contains 2000 rounds of ammunition.
Ammunition of the combat vehicle contains projectiles that allow you to make four types of shots:
Using a tank gun 2A46 and its modifications,2S25 designers created an improved 125-mm smoothbore gun 2A75. In order to reduce the force of resistance to kickbacks when shooting, it was planned to have a special muzzle brake in the installation. But as a result of these works, there were problems with the recoil of the gun, which were solved by increasing the length of the rollback to 74 cm. Additionally, a hydropneumatic chassis suspension was developed, the mechanism of which absorbed the remnants of the recoil pulse.
The 2A75 gun is equipped with automatic charging, which had a positive effect on the rate of fire of the gun: in one minute you can make 7 shots. This automation consists of:
Огневая мощь боевой машины “Спрут-СД” не уступает tanks like the T-80 and T-90. High mobility both on land and on water allowed ACS 2S25 to reach the level of the BMD-3 combat vehicle. Due to the design features - the ability of the tower in the ACS, circular rotation and stabilization of weapons in two planes - Sprut-SD can be effectively used as a light amphibious tank, which today has not created a single analog.
The self-propelled artillery, developed by Russian designers, aroused interest among representatives of the armed forces of Korea and India.
