Recently, a beautiful scheme of the structure of the toothcan be found in the office of almost every dentist. On a colorful picture, a complex multilayer structure is drawn, and in small numbers different parts of this organ are marked. However, not everyone can immediately repeat all levels of the tooth and their functional characteristics. This article is for those who do not know yet, and for those who do not remember well the structure of the human tooth. For a general presentation, let us supplement the presentation with information on the oral cavity as a whole.
So, what is the structure of the human mouth?Of course, first of all, when examining this anatomical area, one should describe the lips. They are unusual in that the skin of the red border is not really skin, but has many similarities with the mucosa. She can not moisturise herself, therefore, from time to time licking her lips is necessary and natural. Otherwise, they crack. Also there is one not very well-known fact about cheeks - since it is possible to remove the samples of cells from them, it is with the cheeks that mucus pieces are taken to determine the chromosome sex of the athlete. Sometimes the results are surprising.
In the inner part of the cheek are located smallmucous glands. They secrete a protein secret. The tongue consists of striated musculature, there are organs of taste sensation on it - 3 types of papillae. At the root of the tongue is a special education - the lingual almond. This is the body of the human immune system, and it is of great importance in fighting infections. The structure of the human oral cavity is deeply rational.
Teeth are located on the gums in two rows (innorm), and the upper arch is slightly larger than the lower one, so that the upper teeth with a correct bite slightly overlap the lower ones. Now tell about the structure of the human tooth. Most of the tooth is formed by a special type of connective tissue, full of lime, - dentin. The part of the tooth that protrudes above the gum is covered with a special strong epithelial tissue called enamel. And that part of the tooth that is hidden is covered with another kind of tissue called cement.
The place where the superficial (crown) and the latent (root) part of the tooth connect, is called the cervix. The line on which enamel and cement are joined is named after the neckline.
Each tooth contains inside a cavity calledpulp. The wide area at the top of the tooth bears the name of the pulp chamber, and the area in the root is the root canal. It is about this zone that dentists say when they talk about the sealing of canals. The contents of this area - pulp - has many nerve fibers and blood vessels. It is this area that ensures the vital activity of the tooth. The pulp is surrounded by a layer of special cells - odontoblasts. They specialize in the production of dentin. They are similar to the cells that form the human bone. The structure of the human tooth resembles in many ways the structure of the bones.
The vessels and nerves that take care of the tooth enter it through the lower apical opening, which is at the apex of the root of each tooth.
How do teeth attach to the bone?With the help of special fibers, which consist of connective tissue. These bundles are called periodontal ligament or simply periodontium. They consist of collagen fibers, from one end they are immersed in the intercellular substance of the bone of the alveolus (a special depression in the gum for the tooth), and on the other hand - in the dentin of the tooth.
When there is a process of teething, gumis fixed in relation to the enamel, and the cervical line does not protrude. But in elderly people the gum "recedes" and becomes visible dentin. Of course, this makes the teeth of a person at a respectable age more vulnerable.
The structure of the human tooth is not so difficult, butdamage at any level is dangerous. Therefore, you need to comply with all hygienic measures, and just brush your teeth is not enough, you still need a special thread to clean the gaps between them.
