Тайга – это значительные лесные пространства.The geographical position of the taiga is quite extensive - it occupies the northern part of Asia, Canada, the Far East and Europe. The climate, animal and plant life in this natural area is quite diverse. The extreme southern boundary of taiga is located in the northern part of Hokkaido Island (Japan), and the northern border is located on the Taimyr Peninsula.
For the region is characterized by severe longWinter and warm, but short summer. In winter, temperatures can drop to -50 ° C in Yakutia and Canada and to -25 ° C in the Ussuri taiga. The winter is cold with loose deep snow, and the summer is rather hot with lots of mosquitoes and midges. In the summer, 27–30 ° C of heat is observed in Canada and the Far East. In the Far East, summer is quite sweltering and rainy, and winter is windy. In Western Siberia, winter is snowy, and summer is mostly dry.
Spring in such regions comes late.Only in early April does the snow begin to melt. When it seems that heat is coming, the next day the weather may suddenly deteriorate and the cold again comes and snow falls. The leaves on the trees usually appear only in late May or early June.
The geographical position of the taiga contributes tothat summer here begins only in June and ends as early as August. But at the same time it can be quite hot. In this regard, forest fires often occur. Less often summer can be rainy and cold. In early June, sometimes snow falls.
There are 2 types of taiga:
- light conifer;
- dark coniferous (most common).
Features of the geographical position of taigaconsist in the fact that it is located in a humid temperate zone. The basis of its vegetation is coniferous. The taiga zone was formed before the onset of the ice age. Taiga is also divided into subzones: northern, middle and southern. By latitudinal extent, this region is considered to be one of the largest climatic zones on the planet.
The largest natural area of the Russian Federation istaiga. It stretched the widest and continuous strip across the entire state up to the Pacific Ocean. Its greatest width is in Western Siberia (about 2000 km). In this place the flat taiga will connect with the mountain taiga of the Baikal and Sayan mountains. If you pay attention to the geographical location of the natural zone of taiga in Russia, it becomes clear why it is so beautiful.
Taiga is a huge space where coniferous forests are located. To the west of the Yenisei River sod-podzolic and podzolic soils were formed, and to the east - freezing-taiga soils.
The geographical position of the taiga affects andvariety of animal and plant life. Boreal coniferous forests are characteristic of temperate and subpolar climatic zones. In general, there are about 30 endemic families of vascular plants, which, as a rule, consist of one species and most often monotypic.
In the region there are forests of larch, spruce, fir, pine and Siberian cedar. Deciduous species such as birch, alder and aspen are also found in the taiga.
In general, the animal world of taiga is much richer than intundra zone. In North America, the common Vilorog and rodent family are common. In Central Asia, there are selevinivye. In the subarctic belt, the families of mole, hare, mouse, squirrel, kozhanov, hamsters, voles, and weasels are widespread. Gophers, gray voles, shrews, hares, beavers, bighorn sheep, ermine, white and brown bears, red deer, elk, bighorn sheep and others live in northern Eurasia and North America.
The geographical location of the taiga zone, coveringcoast of the Arctic Ocean, the following animals and birds have a beneficial effect on life in this region: walrus, loon, seals, polar bears, gulls. The tundra is inhabited by a wolf, lemming, partridge, white hare, and white owl. Taiga is home to migratory birds: swans, geese, terns, ducks, sandpipers. They nest in these regions during the short northern summer. In the spring, the reindeer migrate to the northern regions, where it gives birth to offspring, and returns to the taiga for the winter. This is due to the fact that in winter in these places lies a relatively thin layer of snow, which facilitates the extraction of animal feed.
The geographical position of the taiga in Russiacontributes to the fact that there is found a lynx, a wolf, a wolverine, a brown bear, sable, marten, ermine, arctic fox, elk, musk deer. Beaver, squirrel, vole, raccoon dog, chipmunk, flying squirrel, pika are also found here. Among the birds should be noted woodpecker, various species of owls, nutcracker, jay, cross, grouse.
To the south, in deciduous and mixed forests, alllarge animals were almost completely exterminated as a result of the development of these territories by man. To date, only minor populations of beaver, boar, deer, brown bear, elk, red deer, mink and badger have survived.
Siberian arrays of taiga and Eurasian taiga are called"Lungs" of our planet. The carbon and oxygen balance of the surface atmospheric layer depends on the state of these forests. Human activity constantly harms these unique natural landscapes. For the protection of data zones in Eurasia and North America created many national parks and reserves.
Taiga is harsh and at the same time veryscenic edge. Its main wealth is forest, rivers, animals and minerals. It is engaged in the extraction of oil, coal and gas. Humanity is simply obliged to closely guard and protect these territories.
