Man always seeks to know life in allthe breadth of its manifestations. Having traveled a long way, mankind penetrates more and more into the essence of being. Gnosiology came to help the man in this difficult path. What is this teaching and what is it about?
Epistemology is the philosophical doctrine of knowledge, the possibility of cognition, and its nature, about boundaries and much more.
The very word gnoseology came to us from the Greeklanguage "gnosis" - knowledge and "logos" -a concept, teaching, ie, the doctrine (concept) of knowledge. An important place in epistemology is the study and study of the subject in relation to the object, the structuring of their relations, what is truth and how to determine where it is. However, one thing is certain: one is at the center of this teaching.
Epistemology, the theory of knowledge, or something elsethe doctrine of life, has passed a long path of evolutionary development, as man has evolved, and his understanding of the world has changed on this path of evolution, so epistemology developed and expanded its methods of cognition.
In antiquity epistemology is the philosophical doctrine ofcognition considered the subject as a whole with knowledge about it, and great attention was paid to focusing attention on the functional transformation of an object in knowledge. And only in the Middle Ages epistemology - this doctrine of life begins to expand and deepen, and to approach the design of the classical theory of knowledge. And the combination of the teachings of Aristotle and the Christian dogmatic postulates led to the emergence of dual truth.
When an experienced natural science appeared in 17-18the question of how to determine the truth in what way is becoming acute. At this time there are oppositions "empiricism - realism", "sensualism - realism", etc. Then the activity of the subject becomes more actual in the process of cognition.
In the 19th century, gnoseology is the philosophical doctrine ofcognition was directed by Kant to identify the subjective basis of cognition, which led to a reassessment of the installations of natural philosophy, which was oriented toward cognition and the identification of absolute truth. As a result of the rapid development of natural sciences and the rejection of metaphysical cognition, the cognitive attitude to life is at the center of philosophical research.
Cognitive activity of the subject of the classicalepistemology was associated with its isolation and was decisive. However, the consciousness of this subject was transparent to himself and therefore was not a criterion of reliability.
Modern gnoseology is the doctrine of the problemrelationship to science. Scientific research led to the emergence of the social nature of cognition. Realizing that the growth of science is ineffective, it was concluded that science is not developing formally and socially, but at the expense of researchers and their personal resources, and the organization of conditions for communication in which there is the possibility of advancing cognition forward, its constant development and renewal. All further research in this field pushes to the understanding that the prospects for the development of epistemology are related in the present with studies of the situations of the onset of knowledge. And in these situations it is possible to trace the role in cognition and the manifestation of the personal social forms of the subject in the emergence of knowledge. Based on the study of these situations, the public function of cognition, that is, the acquisition and assimilation of new knowledge and epistemology, clearly emerges.
Joint research with otherdisciplines, make it possible for epistemology to describe the types of human relations to the world around it. After long disputes and frictions, the understanding of the limitations of the initial statements of epistemological philosophy became more and more obvious. An important role was played in this development of the humanities, where the methodology was fundamentally different from the methods of research in the natural sciences.
At present, epistemology, this philosophical doctrine of cognition, continues to develop and helps us in acquiring and mastering new knowledge.
