The term "ellipsis", which is used both in literary criticism and music, comes from the Greek word ellipsis, which translates as "fallout" or "omission".
If a deliberate loss ofor another member of the sentence (subject, predicate, etc.), then we are dealing with a so-called ellipse. Why is this done and does the whole sentence change if there is no one of its members? Ellipse is a stylistic device that occurs in both written and oral types of speech. This is done with the aim of giving the given sentence expressiveness, expression, sometimes intrigue, etc.
However, it is not always possible to omit one of the terms inThe sentence is a syntactic figure (stylistic device). For example, incomplete sentences, typical of everyday oral speech, in which one of the main members of the sentence is omitted, in most cases is not an ellipse. "When exactly?" - you ask. The thing is that in incomplete sentences, although there is a lack of one of its main members, it was done unintentionally. And when there is an ellipse (stylistic figure) in the text, this omission follows a specific goal or serves to enhance the effect, but without distorting the general thought. By the way, unlike simple impersonal sentences, in the case of an ellipse, not only the main, but also the secondary members of the proposal are omitted.
This figure of speech in literary works,whether it be prose or poetry, is used by the authors to force readers to independently compile a deliberately missed phrase or a single word. This technique contributes to the reader's involvement, albeit post-factum, in the creative process of creating this work.
Let's give examples of this stylistic figure:
By the way, if an ellipse is in the Russian language the omission of one of the constituent sentence words, then in English and some other languages they are called the ellipsis.
A concept that is directly related to thisterm, is called "ellipticity". This is a very interesting stylistic device. It is based on an ellipse. This is a syntactic figure (about this already mentioned above), which is expressed in the omission of words and phrases in the sentence, and even sentences in the text. In colloquial speech, omissions are due to the fact that the interlocutors know the details of the topic around which the dialogue is being conducted, or they became known during the conversation, from previous replicas. Sometimes, along with missed words in speech, that is, "swallowing" words, the interlocutors in the conversation use gestures, meaningful looks, shrugs, etc. This technique is also used in the theater. Here whole phrases are intentionally hushed up, and the viewer needs to connect his wit to understand what is hidden behind the silence of the actors.
Skipping words, or the so-called "default", can be of different types.
From the point of view of word formation, the ellipse happenssubstantive, for example, a free kick → penalty (the main word is dropped, the definition remains) and adjectival - the scarecrow garden → scarecrow (here, on the contrary, the definition is omitted).
In linguistics, there are many typesellipsis. At the same time, linguists consider this method to be an unproductive way of compressive word formation. The fact that there is an ellipse in this sentence can be learned from the context. Below is a list of types of ellipsis in sentences.
As already noted above, this termis used both in linguistics and in music. In both cases, the ellipse is roughly the same concept. And if in literary criticism it means the omission of a word, phrase or sentence in order to enhance the effect of what has been said, in music this term denotes the replacement of the expected chord by some other, which is not a functional consequence of the first chord. In addition to this definition, we can give another. According to it, the elliptical turnover, which happens in music either intragonal or modular, can also be described as skipping one of the links of harmony or the expected chord.
As already noted, ellipses in harmony are intragonal and modulating. What does this mean? Let's consider each separately.
Conventionally, four types of collision of these dissonant chords (those who are familiar with the musical instrument, will understand what is at issue):
By the way, elliptical modulation, as a rule,it happens suddenly, because in it unrelated keys enter into interaction. In addition to the ecliptic, there are other types of modulation in music, and they are characteristic for developing parts of musical forms.
