Great naturalists were famousscientists who studied nature directly interacting with her. This word can be deciphered by dividing it into two parts: "nature" is nature, and "test" is verification.
In the period of natural science, when nature neededto describe and study as a whole, that is, to use knowledge from different fields of science, such as botany, astronomy, zoology, mineralogy, the first natural scientists in different countries of the world appeared. It is necessary to list scientists, and to tell about some of them in more detail, who managed to make interesting discoveries, when there were so few opportunities and knowledge:
Great natural scientists were in FranceGermany, Great Britain, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland and Russia, among which Vyacheslav Pavlovich Kovrigo, Alexander Fedorovich Kots and Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov are known.
An interest in nature in man appeared in antiquity, when he began to think about which plants can be eaten and which are not, how to hunt animals and how to tame them.
The first great ones appeared in ancient Greece.naturalists, including Aristotle. He first began to study and observe nature and made an attempt to systematize the knowledge gained. In this case, the scientist attached to his observations sketches, which helped in the study. This was the first scientific manual, which was used for a long time in the study.
During his lifetime, Aristotle created a large zoological garden, and several thousand people were given to help him, among them fishermen, shepherds, hunters, where everyone was known as a master in his own direction.
Based on the information collected, the scientist wrote more50 books, where he divided organisms into protozoa, which stood at the lowest stage of development, and also identified other living organisms that are more complicated. He singled out a group of animals that today are called Arthropods, and they are insects and crustaceans.
Gradually, knowledge accumulated, plants andanimals had to be given names, but on different continents people gave their names, as a result of which confusion arose. It was especially hard for scientists to share knowledge and experience, because it was difficult to understand what was being said or what was being said. The system of Aristotle, which was used for a long time, became obsolete and was no longer relevant when new lands were discovered.
The first to understand that it was time to restore order was the Swedish scientist Karl Linnaeus, who did a great job in the 17th century.
He gave each species a name, and in Latinlanguage so that everyone can understand in different countries of the world. Also organisms were divided into groups and classifications and received a double name (subspecies). For example, birch has an additional name as flat and dwarf, brown and white bear.
The system of Linnaeus is still used, although at different times it was modified and supplemented, but the core of this system remained the same.
In the 19th century in England lived the famous scientist Charles Darwin, who contributed to the development of science and created his own theory of the origin of the world, which every schoolchild knows.
Many great naturalists stuckversion of Darwin, which was that living organisms change over time, adapting to certain conditions of life. But not everyone can adapt, and the strongest survive, who is also able to pass on his best qualities to his descendants.
Over the years, there have been great natural scientists in Russia, and many are aware of their merits and discoveries.
Genetic scientist Nikolai Vavilov contributed hugecontribution to the study of cultivated plants. He collected the largest collection of seeds, which numbered about 250 thousand samples, determined their place of origin, and also developed a theory on plant immunity.
A great contribution to the field of immunology made Ilya IlyichSwordsmen studying the human body and how he fights against various viruses. The works were devoted to the study of cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, as well as syphilis, attempts to understand the origin and find ways to fight. He artificially caused syphilis in a monkey and described it in his writings. Only for these achievements can it be classified as "great naturalists". Biology was the main science for him: he created a theory about the origin of multicellular organisms, which he spent devoting a lot of time studying the aging process, and believed that old age comes prematurely due to self-poisoning of the body with various microbes and poisons.
