Modern society is spoiled by benefitscivilization. Young people, waking up in the morning, drink a cup of coffee, turn on a laptop to read the latest news, answer letters from friends, and then leisurely gather for studies or work. And did anyone think how the morning began 100, 200, 300 years ago with the same girls and young men? Today, not everyone will be able to correctly answer the question of what dues and corvee are, and after all some two centuries ago people practiced a service, did not belong to themselves, ruined their health on foreign fields.
Over the centuries severaldefinitions of this concept. The rents first appeared at the beginning of the formation of Ancient Russia, when taxes were only introduced. Then princes from subordinates collected a tribute in the form of products, money, goods. Later this type of service appeared as a duty of the peasants to give part of money or food to the feudal lords. The reform of 1861 abolished grocery dues, and the money remained for another two years.
In the days of feudalism, the peasants were considered someoneproperty, so the feudal lords could give in the use of not only specific people, but also entire villages. The rent can be compared to rent, that is, a nobleman gave another nobleman his possessions for use. In the XVI century, the state file appeared, the landowners paid the duties to the treasury. At the same time, the rent was extended to the peasants, only they paid it not to the state, but to the owner of the land on which they lived and used to grow food. People could pay off the barin with money, goods or their own labor.
For three centuries (XVI – XIX centuries.) existed corvee. The definition of this concept is very simple - the peasant paid the rent of a land plot owned by the feudal lord by his own labor. This is nothing but a form of a waste system. Barshchina and dues, in fact, very similar. Since the poor were not always able to pay tribute to the feudal lord in the form of money or food, because they themselves were left with nothing, the rich allowed them to repay with labor.
What is rent and corvee in its essence?This is a form of payment of rent for the land. Barshchina charged only with physical labor, but it could be diverse: agriculture, hunting, fishing, gardening, cattle breeding, etc. Nobody was released from this tribute, the work was absolutely free, the barin paid nothing for it.
In the days of feudalism, local“Provisions”, which in details deciphered what dues and corvee are, and also in what sizes they are charged. The amount paid for the land varied depending on its location. For example, peasants living near St. Petersburg paid 12 rubles, while Moscow and Yaroslavl paid only 10 rubles. The smallest amount — 9 rubles — was paid by the poor of the Kursk and Voronezh provinces. Having paid tribute, the peasant not only could use the land of the landowner, but also freely dispose of his labor power.
Barshchina is the physical work thatcarried out temporarily and serfs for the master. The size of the service was calculated on the basis of a person’s allotment. For one land plot, women worked a month, and men spent 40 days. At the same time, the feudal lord did not provide tools, the poor had to come with their hoes, plows, shovels, fishing rods, etc. Women fell under serfdom from 17 to 50 years old, and men from 18 to 55 years old.
Corvee:
Obrok:
In Russia, as a matter of fact, the rent and thecorvee. Although the differences between these two duties existed, they nevertheless both made the peasants slaves, choked them, did not allow them to develop. The intelligentsia tried to fight feudalism, but all to no avail, the landlords, like leeches, sucked the forces out of the poor, exploiting them for their own purposes. Serfdom was abolished in 1861, and in 1863 abolishment was also abolished. Nevertheless, it took several more decades to completely change the minds of people, rebuild the economy in a new way and destroy feudalism.
