In the article we will give a general description of the Moscowprovince. You will learn the meaning of the word "province", as well as what its population was in 1895 and the main spheres of zemstvo activities. In addition, from the article you will learn the most interesting information about the creator of the topographic map of the province characterized.
The word "province" in translation from the New Latingubernium (gubernare) means "manage". Gubernia is an administrative-territorial unit in Russia, which, in turn, was divided into counties. Such formations began their existence in 1708. Headed by their governors. By 1917 there were about 78 provinces. Some of them were assigned to the governor-general. In the period from 1923 to 1929 years, provinces and regions were organized instead of provinces.
The space of the Moscow province covers 29263 sq. Km. verst. Moscow Province is the place where a number of minerals were discovered. Note the following:
In the territory of the Moscow province there was a largenumber of mineral springs. However, they were not exploited, since they were considered unreliable. The flora and fauna of the Moscow province was quite rich. In its southern part, along the Oka River, plant communities were observed on chernozems that did not occur in other localities. This is due to the nature of the soil. Forests covered up to 40% of the surface. Of the large animals, there was a bear and moose; from smaller ones - foxes, wolves, badgers; from small inhabitants - hares, ferrets, moles and squirrels.
Moscow Province is a place, settlementwhich was committed by man in the Stone Age. The proof is provided by numerous finds in soil of various stone tools. Historical data indicate the habitation here before the Finnish nationality, later mixed with Krivich and Slavs.
В Московском уезде преобладали блондины.The language spoken by the whole province was Great Russian. In addition to the Moscow dialect, similarities were noted with Ryazan and Vladimir. Moscow Province is a place whose population by January 1, 1895 was 2506,000. Of this number, 980,000 lived in Moscow, 153,000 lived in other cities, and 1,374,000 in counties.
The topographical map of the Moscow province was created byRussian geodesist and cartographer Fedor F. Schubert. He was the founder of the Corps of Military Topographers and served as Director. Schubert deserved this place rightly. Moscow Province in 1860 was plotted on a map engraved in the Military Topographic Depot. Triangulation of the Moscow province was made thanks to his extensive work in this field. Schubert directed the project from 1833 to 1839. In the last two years, instrumental topographic surveys were conducted under his sensitive guidance. Their scale was 200 fathoms in an inch. Fedor Fedorovich was very demanding on the performers of field work. As a result of the painstaking work of Schubert and his collaborators in 1848, a topographic map appeared on six pages with Moscow neighborhoods. Its scale was one verst in inches. For some period of shooting were suspended. Work resumed between 1852 and 1853. Heads of filming, whose scale was 500 fathoms in an inch, were Major-General Rennenkampf and Fitingof.
When mapping was used, allthree leaders (Schubert, Rennenkampf and Fitingof). The original topographic map of the Moscow province is presented as a print from an engraving on copper (on 40 sheets). It is worth noting that the borders were applied by water color red paint manually.
Thus, the history of the Moscow province is veryinteresting and informative. And the mentioned information about the features of nature, the population, the main branches of zemstvo activity give a general idea of this administrative-territorial unit.
