Nature is very diverse, there are millionsspecies of all kinds of organisms that live in different parts of the Earth. According to the systematics, they are all divided into two empires: non-cellular and cellular. The first includes only viruses, and the second group, in turn, combines two domains: prokaryotes (organisms whose cells do not contain nuclei, namely archaea and bacteria), and eukaryotes (the core is present). Habitual animals and flowers belong to the second species. Eukaryotes are divided into five kingdoms: chromists, protists, animals, mushrooms and plants. It is about the latter and will be discussed in this article.
Без них невозможно представить жизнь на планете.Plants perform an important function - photosynthesis, in which oxygen is released. It is thanks to these organisms that the Earth’s atmosphere has become as we know it now - with a high oxygen content and an ozone ball that protects against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.
They also serve as the most important source of organic matter. Plants, one might say, “feed” the entire planet, because in any food chain they are the first link.
It is interesting for everyone to know what kind of plants there are, so let's start with the fact that we consider their scientific classification.
All of them are divided into two large groups:higher and lower. The latter include algae (four divisions: red, brown, blue, and blue-green). Higher plants include six divisions: pluniform, horse-shaped, mossy, fern, gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering). The classification of plants is as follows: department - class - order - family - genus - species.
Since ancient times, many people have been interested in plants, both scientists and inquisitive individuals.
Называться "отцом ботаники" по праву заслуживает ancient Greek scholar Theophrastus, who lived in the years 370-285. BC er He was one of the first to begin researching what plants are about. He divided them into different groups in appearance, flowering period, etc.
Also large-scale research related toplants, held the ancient Roman scientist Dioscorides. He lived in the first century BC. er He belongs to the work, which describes the properties of about six hundred medicinal plants.
Ученым, который создал первую классификацию всех living organisms, was Carl Linnaeus. His life lasted from 1708 to 1778. In his work "Systems of Nature" there are also materials about what kind of plants are. Flowering he systematized by the number of stamens in them.
Also an eminent researcher who dedicatedhis works on the study of plants, was Augustin Piram Dekandol (1778-1841). He is the author of the work “Harbinger of the natural system of the vegetable kingdom,” in which about 60 thousand different species are described.
Adolf Heinrich also made a great contribution to science.Gustav Engler (1844-1930), who was engaged in improving the classification of plants. He owns such works as “The Natural System of Plant Families”, “The Plant Kingdom”, “The Program of Families of Flowering Plants”, which were created together with other botanists. They describe in detail what groups of plants are. In addition to classification, Engler was also engaged in phytogeography. His famous works in this industry are “The Vegetation of the Earth” in fifteen volumes and “The World of Plants in East Africa and Nearby Regions”.
Each plant division is divided into classes.Pine-shaped have only one of the same name. The horsetail class belongs to the horsetail. Mossy are divided into sphagnum, leafy, Andreev, polytric, tetraphis, takakievye mosses. In the division of the fern includes the class of the same name, as well as salvinia and psilotovidnye. Gymnosperms unite ginkgoid, cyclospaceous, jack-shaped, and coniferous or pine.
Классы цветковых растений:dicots and monocots. This includes most of the habitual representatives of flora. The first class includes legumes, rose flowers, birch, nut, pumpkin, willow, umbrella, as well as many other families.
Previously, according to this principle, three groups were distinguished:grass, bushes and trees. Now it is customary to divide the plants into seven life forms. These are herbs, succulents (with very fleshy stems, which contain a lot of water, such as cacti, aloe, kalanchoe, agave, etc.), creepers, shrubs, semi-shrubs, trees.
They can also be divided into cultural,wild and weeds. The first - those plants that are grown by humans for specific purposes, they can also be systematized. Famous researcher N.I. Vavilov wrote about what groups of cultivated plants are. This topic is interesting and much more. Cultivated plants can be divided into thirteen groups. About them will be discussed below.
So which groups of cultivated plants are there?
You can learn more about what kind of cultivated plants are in the book of Zhukovsky P. M. Cultivated Plants and Their Kindred, written in 1964.
