Одной из важнейших характеристик различного вида The oscillations that are observed in nature are the period and frequency of the oscillations. These physical phenomena are so widespread that, perhaps, it is impossible to specify the areas of existence in which these physical processes would not be observed. The most common areas of study of the nature of vibrational motion are mechanics, electronics, astronomy, location and others.
Объединяет все эти отрасли то, что природа vibrational motions in them is the same, and, consequently, the theory that describes these phenomena is universal. For example, it is generally accepted that a period represents a certain length of time during which an object performs one complete swing and then returns to its original position again. The most illustrative example of this in mechanics is the oscillation of the pendulum clock.
Oscillations in their properties distinguish free(or their own) and harmonic. Free ones are those that are caused by external forces applied to an object and removing it from a state of equilibrium (in mechanics: a string of a musical instrument, a weight suspended from a string, etc.). A more important place in the theory of oscillatory processes is occupied by harmonic oscillations. They form the basis that allows us to formulate the laws of this theory and to consider the nature of oscillations in various physical media (water, air, gas, vacuum, etc.).
Proceeding from the statement about the universality of the theoryoscillations, we can conclude that the universality of physical units, which reflect the magnitude of these fluctuations, regardless of their nature and scope. These are the period and frequency. How to determine the period of fluctuations, has already been said above. The frequency of the oscillation is defined as the number of perfect total vibrations of objects for a certain unit of time. The period and frequency in the theory of oscillations are connected by a single formula common to the given theory. The formula describing the period of free oscillations has the form: f = 1 / T, where f is the frequency, T is the period (it is, along with the frequency, the main parameter of this phenomenon).
Имеются и другие характеристики колебательных processes, such as amplitude, cyclic frequency, phase, but their application is due to the already more complicated conditions for describing oscillations. Such conditions are:
- actually the nature of the oscillatory process, that is, which exactly oscillations we are considering - mechanical, electromagnetic, cyclic or other;
- the environment in which vibrationalprocesses - air, water or otherwise. These conditions most significantly affect all parameters of the process, including the period of oscillations. For example, for cyclic, the formula by which the period of oscillations is determined includes also the exponent 2πν, which characterizes the magnitude of the circular oscillations.
The frequency of oscillations is characterized by unity,which bears the name of the great physicist - Heinrich Hertz and is abbreviated: Hz. Proceeding from the formula considered by us, 1 Hz is a value equal to one complete oscillation, which occurred in one second. This unit is characterized by a huge number of parameters that surround us in everyday life. For example, the AC frequency that we consume at home is 50 Hz. This means that the flow of electrons in the conductor changes its direction 50 times. Frequencies can be characterized as small values (for example, oscillations of a pendulum), and by values reaching billions of oscillations per second. Such, for example, are frequencies that characterize computational operations in modern computers. Then the hertzes are applied inconveniently to reflect the magnitudes, and multiple values are added to them: kilo (kHz, 1000), mega (MHz, 1,000,000), giga (gHz, 1,000,000,000), and so on.
The magnitude that shows us the periodoscillations, are the most usual metric units (times, if one may put it that way), that is, a numerical index of the number of perfect vibrational motions over a certain period of time.
