Perhaps, every leader of the Sovietstate, who remained in office for some serious period, was remembered by the epochal acts. They are scolded or praised, but their names are necessarily familiar to every schoolboy. And not just names, but entire epochs that are associated with them, are so different. The Stalinist associations are an atmosphere of repression and total fear of power, Gorbachev's reforms that are so curtailed today, the complex name of which has entered into other languages of the planet, is perestroika. The years of Khrushchev's rule NS left in the people's memory primarily the processes of de-Stalinization, thaw and grandiose undertakings, which ended in failure. Among the latter - the development of virgin lands and "corn epic". At the same time, Khrushchev, whose years of government lasted from 1953 to 1964, made a significant contribution to his technical and scientific development as the head of state. Let us recall the main events of the era.
Khrushchev: the years of government and thaw
This process was associated with the 20th Congress of the Central CommitteeThe Communist Party, on which the foundation of a new era for the country was laid. It was here that in February 1954 a new report was read by the new secretary with the debunking of the Stalinist personality cult, and also the theses on the diversity of ways to achieve socialism. The harsh and sometimes cruel measures of the past era, stemming from the uncompromising nature of yesterday's ideologists of the communist idea in the struggle against the control, were condemned. As an alternative, the idea of the peaceful existence of states with different economic systems was proposed, and a course was taken to reduce control over the ideological life of society. In this respect Khrushchev, whose reign was marked by de-Stalinization, laid the foundation for the end of the USSR as a totalitarian state. In other words, now the control over mass ideology was only declining, leading ten years later to the writers of the sixties, twenty years later - to the condemnation of the authorities "in every kitchen," and after thirty and a half the whole system staggered. At the same time, the mass rehabilitation of previously innocent convicts, the return of the Crimean Tatars to their homeland, and the liberation from the shackles of the cultural sphere are certainly positive consequences of the thaw. In the 1950s and 1960s, a significant rise in Soviet cinematography and literature took place.
Khrushchev: the years of government and the international situation
And here the era is very contradictory.On the one hand, there is an international detente: the softening of the overall foreign policy of the Union, the first visits to the country of Western leaders (for example, Charles de Gaulle), the most important recognition of the coexistence of the two systems, the improvement of relations with Yugoslavia under the leadership of Tito. The last long time seemed to the Stalinist government as a "fascist clique" (because of Tito's own line in the development of his country, in contrast to a number of puppet governments in Eastern and Western Europe). On the other hand, it is in this era that the colossal build-up of nuclear potential between East and West, the first real threat of a monstrous nuclear war (the Caribbean crisis), the symbolism of the Iron Curtain finds its material embodiment in the form of the Berlin Wall. Relations with China are greatly deteriorating, whose government, headed by Mao Zedong, categorically rejected the criticism of the Stalin era, considering the new course of the Soviets as an apostasy from the ideas of communism. During the reign of Khrushchev, the USSR achieved considerable success in the scientific and technical sphere. First of all, they, of course, embodied in a space race in which domestic scientists, without exaggeration, won at that time, sending the first satellite into space, the first man, losing to the Moon, but first reaching Venus.
