Developmental learning: basic principles

Developing training is a way of organizingthe process of education, in which the main emphasis is on the potential capabilities of the child. The purpose of this is to develop the students' skills of independent search for knowledge and, consequently, the education of such quality as independence, which is applicable in the surrounding reality.

Developmental learning takes

their sources in the works of such famous teachers,as Vygotsky, Rubinstein, Ushinsky, etc. Zankov and Davydova dealt in detail with this problem. These teachers have developed training programs in which the main emphasis is on the development of cognitive processes in children. Successfully used their methods to this day by various teachers, especially in primary school. All training is based on a "zone of proximal development," that is, the opportunities of students. The universal method is the pedagogical requirement.

The main idea on which the developingeducation, is that the knowledge of children is divided into three types. One of them is something that students have no idea about. The second kind is knowledge that children already have. And the last part is in the gap between them. This is the "zone of proximal development", of which Vygotsky spoke. In other words, this is the discrepancy between what the child knows and what he can achieve.

Developing education in pedagogysince the middle of the last century. Especially actively its principles were used in the schools of Elkonin and Zankov. Their programs are built taking into account several features.

Во-первых, Занков отмечал, что развитию abilities and independence of children is promoted by learning at a higher level of difficulty. The desire to overcome problems activates the mental abilities of students.

Secondly, the leading role should be assigned totheoretical material. The child does not just learn, but finds patterns and connections between certain phenomena and processes. Repetition is not a basic basis. Return to the old is done through the prism of learning new material.

Developmental training provides thatthe child was aware of why he gets knowledge. The student should understand what is the best way for him to memorize the material, what new he has learned, how his worldview is changing, and so on.

The main principle on whichdeveloping training, - an individual approach. Teachers are not recommended to compare and divide children. Every child is a unique personality, which requires a special approach.

Davydov and Elkonin call for trainingmust rely on a system of scientific concepts. Activities in the classroom should be based on the abstract theoretical thinking of children. Knowledge is given from the general to the particular. The teacher must use a deductive approach to learning.

Thus, the main idea of ​​developmental learning- accentuation of the child's activity with an emphasis on the formation of theoretical thinking. Knowledge is required not to be reproduced, but applied in practice. It is very important in the process of such training and the personality of the student.