In ancient times, in the time of Plato,repeated attempts to understand and understand the processes that occur outside of man and in himself. Due to lack of knowledge and understanding, many were considered supernatural manifestations. Over time, accumulated knowledge led to a more complete understanding of existing processes and relationships in nature.
The way of formation of knowledge was thorny. A great role was played by the universal understanding of the laws of being and the readiness of mankind at that time to accept or reject a definite view of the world.
The formation of a mechanistic picture of the world contributed to the rapid technological development of society. However, it took a long time to implement it.
Under the influence of philosophers, thinkers and naturalists of previous eras, such as Democritus, Aristotle, Lucretius and Epicurus, the understanding and acceptance of the materialist approach gradually came about.
Accumulated knowledge in the field of mathematics, physics, chemistry showed the differences and features of the mechanistic picture of the world from the existing understanding of the laws of the universe for that period.
The works of Aristotle and Ptolemy at that time were not accurate. However, these were the first attempts to understand and understand what a mechanistic picture of the world is.
A little later, in the 16th century, another surgescientific thought and resonance in society caused the works "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" by Nicolaus Copernicus. His followers saw the rationality and relevance in the scientific approach of researching the surrounding world. Subsequently, on the basis of the works of Copernicus and Galileo, a new epoch of worldview was born.
На процесс создания механистической картины мира and its formation was greatly influenced by the French scientist Rene Descartes. The field of his knowledge was wide enough, he worked in the field of physics, mathematics, philosophy and biology. Religious education of the young Rene did not become a hindrance in the development of knowledge, and he was able to become one of the creators of a new understanding of the structure of the world.
For about seven years, the philosopher and scientist spent in wandering around seventeenth-century Europe, accumulating life impressions and reflecting on the philosophical and mathematical problems of that era.
The considerable successes Descartes has achieved in the regionmathematics. His achievements are reflected in the well-known work "Geometry", published in 1637. It was this scientific work that laid the foundation for modern geometry. Rene also implements the introduction of symbolism in algebra. His works had a key influence on the development of mathematics in the future. In 1644 the French scientist and philosopher gave his definition of the birth and further development of the world and the surrounding nature.
In his opinion, the solar system and planetsThey were formed from material vortices revolving around the Sun. He believed that the separation of the body from the environment requires the presence of different speeds of movement. And the boundary of the body becomes real if the body moves, and this determines its shape and dimensions. All the formulas and definitions he reduced to the mechanical displacement of bodies. A strange definition, given the knowledge we now have, is not it? But that was the view of some scientists of the time.
A somewhat different opinion was held by the creatora mechanistic picture of the world - Isaac Newton. He was a mathematician, a physicist, a philosopher and an astronomer. All this conclusion this learned husband made on the basis of the conducted experiments, carefully studying them. His main credo was the phrase "I do not invent a hypothesis!" An important scientific achievement of Newton was the creation of a theory of the motion of planets and celestial spheres.
In 1688 in England there was a glorious revolution.The country in this period experienced powerful political ferment from the monarchy to the complete analogue of communism. However, despite the vicissitudes of life, the great scientist and philosopher continued to work on philosophical works on the structure of the world.
Механистическая картина мира Ньютона прошла thorny and difficult path. In the process of writing the last part of his work, he declared: “The third part I now intend to eliminate, philosophy is the same impudent lady, to deal with which is tantamount to engaging in litigation”. In the end, his “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” (in 1687) were published. This system has received universal approval and has become a well-established theory.
In the work of Newton gives the rationale of worksCopernicus on the motion of the planets around the sun. The final work of the scientist was the three laws that completed the works of Descartes, Galileo and Huygens and other great minds of the time, thereby determining the further creation of a mechanistic picture of the world and understanding of processes in nature.
In general, ideas about the world in the seventeenth century were a picture of the once created and unchanging world of the Universe.
The scientist conducted many experiments on the physical processes between the bodies. In the course of his work, he deduced three laws, which we still use today.
The first one says that it is force that acts as a cause of acceleration of the body. All processes in the world tend to accelerate objects and cause the interaction of bodies.
The second law determines that the action of a force on an object at a certain moment and at a given point changes its speed, which can be calculated.
The third law says that the action of bodies on each other is equivalent in strength and opposite in direction.
That was Newton’s mechanisticpicture of the world. Space, time not connected with each other, existed as separate phenomena. However, I. Newton's definitions triggered a change in world view and a full transition to a full-fledged picture of the relationship between space and time.
Two hundred years later, at the beginning of the twentieth century,Albert Einstein noted that the Newtonian mechanistic picture of the world of matter and space can be interpreted only within the ordinary, familiar to us world.
Впрочем, это не единственная область, где законы Newton do not have their use. With the advent of the study of elementary particles and the characteristics of their behavior, it became clear that completely different rules apply in this area. They are extremely peculiar, sometimes unpredictable and can violate our usual understanding of time and space.
The scientific expression thatIt is impossible to understand quantum physics, one can only believe in it, the discrepancy between the ideas about the world and all the processes occurring in it at the subatomic level is remarkably explained.
In the process of becoming materialisticunderstanding of the surrounding nature of the Newtonian mechanistic picture of the world determined the further course of the history of human development. Technologies and the development of civilization are closely related to the previous accumulated experience and owe to the past their strong present and formed picture of the perception of the world.
