The political opposition of such superpowers,As the US and the USSR, which lasted from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s, and never grew into a real military conflict, led to the emergence of a term such as the Cold War. Yugoslavia is a former socialist multinational country that began to disintegrate practically simultaneously with the Soviet Union. The main reason that triggered the beginning of the military conflict was the desire of the West to establish its influence in those territories that formerly belonged to the USSR.
The war in Yugoslavia was composed of a seriesarmed conflicts that lasted for 10 years - from 1991 to 2001, and eventually led the state to disintegration, as a result of which several independent states were formed. Here the fighting was of an international character, with Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Macedonia taking part. The war in Yugoslavia began because of ethnic and religious considerations. These events, which occurred in Europe, became bloodshed from the time of 1939-1945.
The war in Yugoslavia began with an armedconflict June 25 - July 4, 1991 The course of events originates from Slovenia's unilaterally declared independence, as a result of which fighting broke out between it and Yugoslavia. The leadership of the republic took control of all borders, as well as airspace over the country. Local military units began to prepare for the seizure of the barracks of JNA.
The Yugoslav People's Army met a fierceresistance of local detachments. In a hurry, barricades were erected and the ways by which the JNA detachments followed were blocked. In the republic, mobilization was announced, and its leaders asked for help from some European countries.
The war ended with the signing of the Briónan agreement that obliged JNA to end the armed conflict, and Slovenia had to suspend signing the declaration on proclaiming its independence for three months. Losses from the Yugoslav Army amounted to 45 people killed and 146 wounded, and Slovenian, respectively, 19 and 182.
Soon the administration of the SFRY was forced to admit defeat and to reconcile itself with independent Slovenia. In conclusion, the JNA withdrew its troops from the territory of the newly formed state.
After Slovenia gained independence from theYugoslavia, the Serbian part of the population living in this territory, tried to create a separate country. They motivated their desire to disconnect by saying that human rights were allegedly being violated here and then. For this, the separatists began to create so-called self-defense units. Croatia regarded this as an attempt to join Serbia and accused its opponents of expansion, which resulted in large-scale hostilities in August 1991.
Over 40% of the country was covered by war.The Croats pursued the goal of getting rid of the Serbs and driving out JNA. Volunteers, wishing to obtain the long-awaited freedom, united in detachments of the guards and sought with all their strength for themselves and their families to proclaim independence.
1991-1992 marked the beginning of the path of liberation fromthe crisis of Bosnia and Herzegovina, into which Yugoslavia has drawn it. The war this time affected not only one republic, but also neighboring lands. As a result, this conflict attracted the attention of NATO, the EU and the UN.
This time, military operations took place betweenBosnian Muslims and their co-religionists, advocating for autonomy, as well as Croats and armed groups of Serbs. At the beginning of the uprising in the conflict, JNA was also involved. A little later, NATO forces, mercenaries and volunteers from different sides joined forces.
In February 1992, a proposal was made tosection of this republic in 7 parts, two of which were to go to Croats and Muslims, and three - to the Serbs. This agreement was not approved by the head of the Bosnian forces, Aliya Izetbegovic. Croatian and Serbian nationalists said that this was the only chance to end the conflict, after which the Civil War in Yugoslavia continued, attracting the attention of almost all international organizations.
Вооруженные силы боснийцев объединились с Muslims, thanks to which the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established. In May 1992 the ARBC turned into the official armed forces of the future independent state. Gradually, military actions ceased due to the signing of the Dayton Agreement, which predetermined the constitutional structure of modern independent Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Такое кодовое название получила воздушная The bombing of the Serbs' position in the fighting conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was conducted by NATO. The reason for the beginning of this operation was the explosion in 1995 in the market of Markale. Identify the perpetrators of terrorism was not possible, but NATO blamed the incident on the Serbs, who categorically refused to withdraw their weapons from Sarajevo.
Thus, the history of the war in YugoslaviaThe operation was continued by "Deliberate Force" on the night of August 30, 1995. Its goal was to reduce the possibility of the Serbian assault on safe zones, which NATO established. Aviation of Great Britain, the USA, Germany, France, Spain, Turkey and the Netherlands began to strike at positions of Serbs.
Within two weeks, morethree thousand sorties of NATO aircraft. The result of the bombardment was the destruction of radar installations, warehouses with ammunition and weapons, bridges, telecommunications and other vital infrastructure. And, of course, the main goal was achieved: the Serbs left the city of Sarajevo with heavy equipment.
The war in Yugoslavia continued with the armeda conflict that erupted between the FRY and Albanian separatists in 1998. Residents of Kosovo sought independence. A year later, NATO intervened in the situation, as a result of which an operation called "Union Force" began.
This conflict was systematically accompanied byhuman rights violations, which resulted in numerous victims and a mass influx of refugees - a few months after the outbreak of the war, there were about 1,000 dead and wounded, as well as more than 2,000 refugees. The outcome of the war was the 1999 UN resolution, which guaranteed the prevention of the resumption of fire and the return of Kosovo to Yugoslavia. The Security Council ensured public order, supervision of demining, the demilitarization of the KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army) and armed groups of Albanians.
The second wave of the invasion of the North Atlanticalliance in the FRY took place from March 24 to June 10, 1999. The operation took place during ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. Later, the International Tribunal confirmed the responsibility of the security services of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the crimes committed against the Albanian population. In particular, during the first operation "Mindful Force".
The Yugoslav authorities witnessed 1.7 thousanddead citizens, 400 of whom were children. About 10 thousand people were seriously injured, and 821 - were missing. The signing of the Military Technical Agreement between the JNA and the North Atlantic Alliance put an end to the bombing. NATO forces and the international administration took control of this region. A little later, these powers were transferred to ethnic Albanians.
Conflict between an illegal armed group,which was called the Army of the Liberation of Medvedzhi, Preshev and Buyanovac, and the FR of Yugoslavia. The peak of activity in Serbia coincided with the aggravation of the situation in Macedonia.
The wars in the former Yugoslavia almost stopped aftersome agreements reached between NATO and Belgrade in 2001, which guaranteed the return of Yugoslav troops to the ground security zone. In addition, agreements were signed on the formation of the police forces, as well as an amnesty for the militants, who decided to surrender voluntarily.
Opposition in the Presevo Valley68 people, 14 of whom were policemen. Albanian terrorists carried out 313 attacks, the victims of which were 14 people (9 of them managed to be saved, and the fate of four remains unknown to this day).
The cause of the conflict in this republic is no different.from previous clashes in Yugoslavia. The confrontation took place between the Albanian separatists and the Macedonians during almost the whole of 2001.
The situation began to heat up in January, whenThe government of the republic witnessed frequent cases of aggression against the military and police. Since the Macedonian security service didn’t take any action, the population threatened to buy their own weapons. After that, from January to November 2001, there were constant clashes between Albanian groups and Macedonians. The most bloody events took place in the territory of the city of Tetovo.
As a result of the conflict of victims from Macedoniathere were 70 people, and about 800 Albanian separatists. The battle ended with the signing of the Ohrid Agreement between Macedonia and the Albanian forces, which led the country to victory in the struggle for independence and the transition to a peaceful life. The war in Yugoslavia, the chronicle of the events of which officially ends in November 2001, is in fact continuing to this day. Now it has the character of all sorts of strikes and armed clashes in the former republics of the FRY.
In the postwar period, the Internationaltribunal for the former Yugoslavia. This document restored justice to the victims of conflicts of all republics (except Slovenia). Specific individuals, and not groups, directly involved in crimes against humanity, were found and punished.
During 1991-2001throughout the territory of the former Yugoslavia, about 300 thousand bombs were dropped and about 1 thousand rockets were fired. In the struggle of individual republics for their independence, a large role was played by NATO, which in time interfered with the arbitrariness of the Yugoslav authorities. The war in Yugoslavia, the years and events of which took the lives of thousands of civilians, should serve as a lesson for society, because even in our modern life we must not only appreciate, but also with all our strength, support such a fragile world peace.
