The state refers to a certain methodorganization of a particular society, as well as public political power, which extends to the entire given society. This power is the official representative of society.
The origin of the state as a socialIt is customary to begin to study the institute with such a notion as "the form of the state". The study of this includes studying the structure, the main components, the main methods of implementing power, the internal structure of the entire system.
Today there are many theories,approaches used in determining the content and concept of state form. There is no universally recognized doctrine that unequivocally reveals this concept. At the same time, it is considered incorrect to deny all the scientific theories, knowledge and concepts formulated earlier and recognized today that do not fully reflect all social relationships and the nature of the actors involved in them.
In different countries, the system of power has its owncharacteristic features, features. All these features in the process of the development of society are supplemented, enriched in interaction and interrelations. At the same time, the forms of many modern states have common features. These similarities allow you to define each element in the structure.
The origin of the state is explored inaccording to various factors. Today, there are quite a lot of views and opinions on this issue. Along with this, there are basic concepts of the origin of the state, developed by modern legal science.
The process of forming a system of power is connected with"the Neolithic revolution." It began about ten to twelve thousand years ago. The Neolithic revolution is the process of transition from appropriating economy (fishing, hunting, gathering) to the producer.
Background of the emergence of the state in many ways,according to experts, are associated with the emergence of private property. At a certain stage of the development of society there was a large-scale division of labor. Such spheres of activity as cattle breeding, agriculture, craft were formed. With the improvement of tools, increasing productivity, a person begins to produce more (more) a product than he needs. This is how surpluses are formed. In this regard, the intra-body exchange of products obtained during the performance of economic activity begins. Subsequently, this process goes beyond the boundaries of one clan, commerce begins between clans.
Due to changes in economic conditionsinequality begins to develop both economically and socially. Subsequently, the classes are poor and rich. The change in the structure of power is a natural process, inasmuch as primitive power is designed to regulate relations in an equal society, in which there are no contradictions of interests. As a result, a new structure of power is required for the new society.
In the domestic science the origin of the state was viewed as a consequence of class confrontation. It was believed that only the formation of slave systems took place.
The provisions explaining the origin of the state are quite clearly reflected in the Marxist-Leninist doctrine.
However, according to the data of modernscience, it is established that the first state formations arose not as a consequence of the disintegration of society into classes, but as a natural process of improving the primitive communal system. At the same time, the leading factor is the procedure for combining tribal groups to carry out joint economic activities. As a result, a group of people with managerial powers is identified. Together with this, a layer of managed people is formed. The organizational and management system begins to be formed. Thus, there is a prototype state.
