Let's try to understand what socialization is, inthan its essence and feature. After all, for every person entering into society and mastering its basic norms is the foundation for further problem-free and successful life and activity. So, what is socialization? Any modern textbook will tell you that this
the term implies the process of familiarizing the individualto social paradigms, acquaintance with social roles, involving it in collective ties, training in common behavior, values and attitudes. Thus, this process is necessary for every child for the subsequent full-fledged life in society, and he takes place through upbringing and education in the family, preschool and school.
Development of the concept
For the first time the question of what socialization was, wasraised still by the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle, who talked about whether the public or not the body is a person. With the birth of proper social science in the XIX century, this issue was again raised. According to popular opinion of that time, the original human nature was identified with the animal beginning, and the process of socialization was considered as literal humanization and giving the newborn social attitudes. Later this point of view lost
relevance.With the development of evolutionary concepts and social science, it was proved that man was originally a social being. Accordingly, the question of what socialization is, has changed its emphasis. Now this process was considered as a smooth adaptation of a person to the requirements of a specific society. It's no secret that human history has known many societies with different cultures and social norms. With a gradual study grew and knowledge about this phenomenon. Cognitive psychology, which studies the formation of adolescents, and psychoanalysis contributed significantly to this.
Stages of the process
The modern theory of socialization highlights several stages of this phenomenon throughout human life:
- Primary socialization is the firstacquaintance of the child with the surrounding world. This stage is perhaps the most important, since in the first years of life the main facilities are laid, which will further influence the perception of further education. At this stage, the parents of the child play a crucial role, since they give him the first ideas about the surrounding world and society.
- Secondary socialization. It occurs already outside the house, in the first collectives
peers, in which a person falls:kindergarten, school. Here the child perceives new social roles and learns to interact with a numerical group. The most important foundation has already been laid during primary socialization, but at this stage very important features are being inculcated that subsequently influence life values and priorities, as well as personal quality of a person.
In addition, there are several more types of this phenomenon. However, here it is assumed that there is already socialization of youth and adults:
- Resocialization.The process of eliminating incorrect or unfavorable patterns of behavior and bringing up new ones already at a conscious age. Such resocialization occurs with each person throughout his life. In essence, this is the process of adapting to a dynamic surrounding world: the growth of technology, changing the state role, economic conditions, social perceptions, and so on.
- Organizational socialization is the process of acquiring professional knowledge and skills in order to fulfill a certain social role in the organization.
