Scientific-cognitive story - what is it?The popularization of scientific knowledge about the world around us is a necessary link in the education system. It provides an opportunity to convey complex information about the content of various branches of science (natural and humanitarian) in an accessible form, in literary language. Popular scientific literature includes biographies of historical figures, figures of science and culture, and narratives of travel, stories about nature and physical phenomena, historical events.
More specifically, with reference tochildren's consciousness, only beginning to master the variety of phenomena and objects, known to man, then for the development of needs, primarily scientific literature is needed. It can be represented by various genre formations. The simplest and most appropriate for children's perception is the story. Compact in volume, it allows you to focus on one single topic, on homogeneous phenomena, selecting the most characteristic.
The narrative as a genre presupposes narrative, narrative, sequential presentation of facts or events. The story should be interesting, contain an intrigue, an unexpected, vivid image.
What is a scientific-cognitive story, and what is itis different from artistic? The latter does not aim at the transmission of any accurate information about the world around, although it can not be absent there. The artistic story creates primarily an artistic image of the world, based both on knowledge and fiction.
The writer uses his known factualmaterial is not to introduce someone to him and fill up knowledge about the subject, but first, to create a convincing image (to draw a word), and secondly, to express his attitude to the depicted realities: his feelings, thoughts - and infect them with the reader. That is, express your creativity.
What kind of category can be attributed prosaic miniatures M. Prishvin about nature? "Gadgets" - an artistic or scientific-cognitive story? Or his "Top Melting", "Talking Rook"?
On the one hand, the author is quite reliable indetails describes the appearance and habits of birds. On the other hand, he composes a dialogue, which allegedly leads the little gingerbreads, and makes it very clear what surprise and admiration these birds cause in him. In the same spirit, he expresses himself in other stories. Of course, these are artistic stories, especially as they generally form into a wide mosaic picture, which allows them to be evaluated in the categories of artistic natural philosophy. But in the cognitive meaning, they also can not refuse.
A number of specialists in literary criticism andthe teaching of literature in the school introduces a concept such as artistic and educational literature. Of course, the stories of M. Prishvin, as, indeed, V. Bianchi, N. Sladkov, completely fit into this concept, correspond to it.
This example clearly shows that the concept of"Scientific cognitive story" can hardly have a precisely delineated and limited scope. Strictly speaking, it must be admitted that its functions serve primarily educational purposes. It matters not only the content - certain information necessary for mastering, but also how it is organized, how it is communicated to the reader.
Scientific and educational work revealsits subject from historical positions, in development and in logical interconnectedness. Thus, it contributes to the formation of logical thinking, helps to understand the cause-and-effect relationship between phenomena. A clever story can help to move from objective thinking to operating with abstract concepts.
He is called upon to introduce into the mental use of the child(or adolescent) view of the special terminology used in this or that branch of knowledge. And this should happen step by step: from disclosing the content of a strict scientific concept to more complex texts using a certain terminology.
The scientific and informative story stimulatesschoolchildren to the development of special reference literature, helps to learn to use encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books on various branches of knowledge. It facilitates the creation of a clear understanding of the system of reference books, is available disclosing the terminology or essence of the subject matter.
Expansion of the volume of knowledge, informative basethe emerging personality and, at the same time, the education of intellectual activity, the stimulation of mental growth - this is what is the scientific and cognitive story. Skillfully and talently compiled text of the story necessarily affects the emotional sphere. Only a machine can operate with "pure", "bare" knowledge.
The assimilation of material is much more successful inbackground of interest. A scientific cognitive story should evoke a desire to read something new, to form a desire for knowledge. Therefore, personal attitude, personal author's intonation - and this is a feature of fiction - is still an indispensable component of such a work.
Here we have to return to the comparisonartistic and scientific-cognitive literature. Its elements, illustrativeness, descriptiveness, creation of a verbal picture and, above all, the presence of an emotional aura and individual intonation give the work an educational function. They arouse curiosity in the little reader, help to determine the value attitude to the world around them, with value orientations.
Therefore, artistic and educational literatureis indispensable for perception in early school age. There is no impassable gap between these two kinds of educational literature. The artistic and educational stories correspond to the very first step of the educational process, it precedes the reading of scientific and cognitive stories.
So what is it?The scientific-cognitive story is a kind of teaching aid introduced into the educational process since the mid-1970s as extracurricular reading. At the same time, the methodology of using this literature was developed, methods of its assimilation and memorization, ways to motivate reading were worked out. Its functions are defined: cognitive, communicative, aesthetic.
The authors of such works, for their part,apply various techniques that facilitate understanding and memorization of the information provided. The narrative is constructed in the form of questions and answers, in the form of a dialogue with the reader. The author, leading the narrative in the first person, acts as a mentor, friend, adviser. The scientific-cognitive story is also a guide to the implementation of various experiments and experiments, it includes their description and instructions.
Man as an object of knowledge, as a biological andsocial phenomenon, as well as natural history, the history of society - all this is also a subject of study. A scientific-cognitive story about a person can be devoted to an infinite number of topics.
Primary need for growing upgeneration - to be imbued with the norms of social morality created by generations of people, on which human solidarity rests. Such material is provided, for example, by stories about great people of the past, people's leaders, politicians, geniuses of science and culture - all those who created human civilization.
