The structure and functions of political science representa logically built, holistic complex of knowledge about the organization of political life. The process of renewal occurs at one time or another in all spheres of life. With the increase in the intrascientific status of humanitarian knowledge, the importance of certain branches of science also increases. In particular, recently the attention of researchers has been turned to the object of political science. The most important aspect in this industry is the identification of the cause, and not the purpose of the activity.
The term "political science" is formed by two Greekthe words "politike" and "logos", which literally means "political science". "Science" (literally means "knowledge") is defined as a system of continuously developing knowledge. This system is designed to adequately reflect in terms of objective reality.
The structure of political science consists (in a general sense) of practical and theoretical knowledge. Each knowledge has, of course, its own characteristics.
Practical direction is engaged in researchproblems of transforming political processes, analyzes the means and ways by which a purposeful influence on political reality is carried out. In addition, the theoretical direction involves the development of specific recommendations for achieving a practical result. At the same time, much attention is paid to the technology and technology of organization of power, the specific activities of various political institutions, election campaigns. An important role in the study is also characteristic of the behavior in the relevant sphere of different social groups. Conclusions obtained in the course of applied research can be the basis for the formulation of theoretical propositions.
The theoretical direction promotes the formation of fundamental knowledge. In this case, the structure of political science includes methods and methodology, the conceptual apparatus of scientific research.
In general, the branch of science is called upon to disclose factorsform, nature, ways of institutionalization and functioning of the system. At the same time, the structure of political science includes methods for determining the main trends and patterns that operate in the public political sphere, as well as strategic priorities. On the basis of all this, long-term goals and prospects for the further development of processes are developed. The structure of political science, in addition, includes receptions by which policy is reflected as a way of fighting and retaining power, the method and form of government. In general, this scientific branch develops a methodology for analysis, forecasting and technology, based on a theoretical view of the issue and on the results of empirical knowledge.
Being an independent discipline, political science has its apparatus of categories and a system of methods for investigating political reality.
The categories include the most common definitions,which reflect the connections of phenomena and characteristics that are of significant importance. In political science, a certain number of concepts have been created, which are tools for studying.
The first group includes definitions that allowexplain the object, the object of science. The second group includes concepts that allow analyzing the forces and structures that are for the political elite, leaders, means or purpose. To such concepts, first of all, it is necessary to carry "domination", "power", "order". The third group includes definitions related to the study of political institutions. The fourth group of concepts makes it possible to analyze the system. Such concepts include "norms", "components", "political system", in fact. The fifth group includes definitions that allow analyzing the whole process. Such concepts include "modernization", "reform", "revolution" and others. The sixth group includes definitions that cover the sphere of political consciousness.
