Moscow is the capital of Russia and the largest metropolis inEurope. Where it is located? What are the geographical coordinates of the city? And what are the features of the relief of Moscow? The answers to all these questions you will find in our article.
Moscow is located in the European part of the country, inbasin of the Volga River. The climate here is moderately continental, with pronounced seasons of the year. For the year in the capital, approximately 700 millimeters of atmospheric precipitation falls (most of it in the summer).
The city is located on the banks of the same nameThe Moscow River. In addition to it, dozens of other natural watercourses (Skhodnya, Khimka, Neglinnaya, Nishchenka, Presnya and others) flow through the metropolis. Some of these streams in the twentieth century were "driven" into underground reservoirs. Moscow is a city of ponds and stakes, of which there are more than four hundred.
The total area of Moscow todayis about 2,5 thousand square meters. km (two-thirds of them - outside the Moscow Ring Road). The Russian capital is located in the UTC + 3 time zone. The exact geographical coordinates of the city are given below in the table.
The breadth of Moscow | 55 ° 45 '21 "North Latitude |
Longitude of Moscow | 37 ° 37 '04 "eastern longitude |
Soil cover within the capital and the nearestits environs are mainly represented by sod-podzolic soils. On the riverbanks there are more fertile meadow and meadow-bog soils. But now the natural soil cover has been preserved only in some parts of the capital, not affected by large-scale construction. In other places, it was replaced by an anthropogenic layer with a capacity of up to 2-3 meters.
The geological structure of this area is differentfollowing common features. Moscow is located within the Russian (East European) platform on a fairly powerful cover of sedimentary rocks (its thickness here reaches 1600 meters). In the capital area is the eponymous trough - the so-called Moscow syneclise. It is filled mainly with dolomites, marls, sandstones and limestones. About 70% of the city's territory is covered by deposits of artificial (technogenic) origin.
Approximately 130 thousand years ago the territorymodern Moscow was covered with a continuous glacier. After itself, this glaciation left numerous deposits in the form of moraine, sand and glacial loam. They are associated with deposits of clays and construction sand. In addition, the ancient glaciation left its mark on the modern relief of Moscow.
Moscow occupies a very interesting physical and geographical position on the map of Europe. It is located at the junction of three landscape areas.
The relief of Moscow is quite diverse.The capital's north is within the Dmitrov moraine ridge of glacial origin. The eastern expanses of the city are occupied by a flat, sometimes marshy Meshcherskaya lowland. But from the south-west in the metropolis enters Teplostan Upland. It is also of glacial origin, very strongly dissected by beams and ravines. The hill ends at the very shore of the Moskva River with a very picturesque massif - Vorobyovy Gory.
Almost all of the white-stone is withinMorainic plain, which is characterized by wide and well-developed river valleys with floodplain and several terraces. The territory on which the huge city grew is almost completely covered with a powerful cover of quartz deposits.
The highest point of Moscow is located on the Teplostan Upland (its height is 255 meters above sea level). The lowest is in the south-eastern outskirts of the city, near the Besedinsky bridges.
The fact that Moscow stands on seven hills, does not knowonly lazy. But in reality, it's just a beautiful legend. It was invented in the beginning of the XVI century, in order to emphasize the sacral connection of Moscow with Rome. In fact, no one knows exactly which metropolitan hills are included in this number.
The relief of Moscow is really very hilly. This feature, by the way, is reflected in the names of many city streets and historic localities (for example, Ivanovskaya Gorka, Bolshie Kochki, Vorobyovy Gory).
The most famous hills of Moscow - Borovitsky,Sretensky, Tverskoi, Tagansky, Lefortovsky, Vagankovsky, Chertolsky. And each of them is something remarkable! So, Borovitsky Hill is the heart of Moscow. It is here that the capital's Kremlin is located. Lefortovo Hill - the most expressive in the relief, and on Sretensky the most beautiful monastery of the same name was preserved.
