When building any building are carried outdifferent types of work, with the correct implementation of each stage is the key to obtaining a qualitative result. So, when constructing a roof installation of rafters takes an important place. In this case, you need to take into account a lot of points, such as calculation of rafter pitch, angle of inclination and so on.
Roof tent roof system
The roof of the hip type is executed witha gable roof system, while all sides (hips) of the roof are isosceles triangles. The design consists of four hips, slightly different geometric shapes (the ends of the roof are triangles, and the transverse sides are made in the form of trapezoids).
Installation of rafters of this type is carried out using the following elements:
- Cantilever (diagonal) rafters - these elements are sent to the corners of the building.
- Narovniki - shortened load-bearing parts. They are attached at one end to the Mauerlat, and the other to the nut parts.
- Braces and racks.
- Rigel (to strengthen the structure when pressure rupture occurs).
- Lezhen - a support for the pillars and struts.
- Sprengel - additional support for a long span.
- Run - a beam, which is installed parallel to the Mauerlat (the extreme support for the rafters).
It should also be noted that there are two types of rafter systems for the hipped roof, which differ in the type of execution:
- Hanging construction. Installation of rafters of this type is performed in the absence of walls inside the structure.
- Layer system. This design is used in the presence of an average load-bearing partition, or provide columnar supports in the gaps when laying the foundation of a building made of reinforced concrete.
Calculation of system
Installation of rafters must be done with preliminary calculation of the structural elements. The main points are:
- The step of the bars of the roofing depends on the material from which the roof is made: 35-40 cm for metal roofing, 25 cm for steel sheets, 37.5 cm for cement-sand tiles.
- Calculation of length of rafter legs and other fastenerssupports are carried out depending on the angle of the roof. This value is taken according to the established standards (SNiP). It depends on the amount of precipitation, wind loads and the roofing materials used.
- Location and type of supports for diagonal raftersdepending on the size of the span. So, at a length of up to 7.5 m, struts or posts that are attached to the upper part of the casing elements are made. And when flying more than 9 m can also be used sprungels and racks.
Installation procedure
The installation instructions for a rafter system of four skates, if you select only the main points, will have the following appearance:
- Installing Mauerlatt on the walls, when laying cana special groove is provided or special fasteners are installed to protect against horizontal shear. Before this, you need to check the geometry of the walls.
- Installation of rafters.Begin this work from the opposite elements, they are fastened to the Mauerlat by means of stitches. At the same time, for qualitative joining, trim on the rafters from both sides is performed.
- The drifts are fastened to the nagging rafters through the tile bars. The angular parts are parallel to the central elements.
- To increase the strength in the corners provide a sprig with a rack or install a transverse beam that connects the central rafters. It is fastened with several racks.
Such work as the installation of rafters(the price will decrease significantly) can be done independently. Of course, for this it is necessary to have skills in construction and some engineering knowledge.
