What do we know about the stabilizer of the aircraft?Most ordinary people just shrug their shoulders. Those who liked physics at school may be able to say a few words, but, of course, this question is likely to be most fully answered by specialists. Meanwhile, this is a very important part, without which the flight is virtually impossible.
If you ask to draw a few adultsairliner, the pictures will be about the same and will differ only in details. The scheme of the aircraft, most likely, will look as follows: cabin, wings, fuselage, salon and the so-called tail. Someone will draw windows, and someone will forget about them, perhaps some more trifles will be missed. Perhaps the artists will not even be able to answer, for which certain details are needed, we just don’t think about it, although we see planes quite often, both in person and in pictures, in movies and simply on TV. And this, in fact, is the basic structure of the aircraft - the rest, in comparison with this, is only trifles. The fuselage and wings are used to actually lift the airliner into the air, control is performed in the cabin, and passengers or cargo are in the cabin. Well, what about tail, what is it for? Not for beauty, right?
Drivers know how to drive.to the side: you only need to turn the steering wheel, after which the wheels will move. But the plane is another matter, because there are no roads in the air, and some other mechanisms are needed for control. Here pure science comes into play: a large number of different forces act on a flying machine, and those that are useful are strengthened and the rest are minimized, with the result that a certain balance is achieved.
Probably almost everyone who has seen in his lifean airliner, drew attention to the complex structure in its tail - the plumage. It is this relatively small part, oddly enough, that controls this whole gigantic machine, forcing it not only to turn, but also to gain or drop height. It consists of two parts: vertical and horizontal, which, in turn, are also divided into two parts. There are also two steering wheels: one serves to set the direction of travel, and the other - height. In addition, there is a part with which the longitudinal stability of the aircraft is achieved.
By the way, the stabilizer of the aircraft can be located not only in its rear part. But more on this later.
The modern scheme of the aircraft providesmany details needed to maintain the safe condition of the aircraft and its passengers during all phases of flight. And, perhaps, the main one is the stabilizer, located at the rear of the structure. It is, in fact, just a slat, so it is surprising how such a relatively small detail can influence the movement of a huge airliner in any way. But it really is very important - when this part of the flight breaks down, the flight can end very tragically. For example, according to the official version, it was the stabilizer of the aircraft that caused the recent crash of the passenger Boeing in Rostov-on-Don. According to international experts, the mismatch in the actions of the pilots and the error of one of them triggered one of the parts of the plumage, shifting the stabilizer to the position characteristic of the peak. The crew simply couldn’t do anything to prevent a collision. Fortunately, aircraft construction does not stand still, and each subsequent flight gives less and less space for the human factor.
As the name implies, the aircraft stabilizerserves to control its movement. Compensating and damping some peaks and vibrations, it makes flight smoother and safer. Since deviations occur both in the vertical and in the horizontal axis, the stabilizer is also controlled in two directions - therefore it consists of two parts. They can have very different designs, depending on the type and purpose of the aircraft, but in any case they are present on any modern aircraft.
Она отвечает за балансировку по вертикали, не letting the machine continually nod off and consists of two main parts. The first of them is a fixed surface, which, in fact, is an aircraft height stabilizer. On the hinge, a second is attached to this part - a steering wheel providing control.
Under normal aerodynamic configurationhorizontal stabilizer is located in the tail. However, there are also constructions when it is located in front of the wing or there are two at all - in the front and rear. There are also the so-called "tailless" or "flying wing" schemes, which have no horizontal tail at all.
This item provides aircraftdirectional stability in flight, not allowing it to wag from side to side. This is also a composite structure, in which the fixed vertical stabilizer of the aircraft, or keel, and the rudder on the hinge are provided.
This part, like the wing, depending onappointments and required characteristics, can have very different forms. Diversity is also achieved through differences in the mutual arrangement of all surfaces and the addition of additional parts, such as forkyl or ventral crest.
Perhaps the most popular in civil aviation is now the T-shaped tail, in which the horizontal part is at the end of the keel. However, there are some others.
Some time used V-shapedthe plumage, in which both parts simultaneously performed the functions of both the horizontal and vertical parts. The complex management and relatively low efficiency did not allow this option to spread widely.
In addition, there is a spaced vertical tail, in which its parts can be located on the sides of the fuselage and even on the wings.
As for mobility, usually stabilizing surfaces are rigidly fixed relative to the body. Nevertheless, there are options, especially when it comes to horizontal tail.
If you change the angle relative to the longitudinal axispossible on earth, this type of stabilizer is called transposable. If the stabilizer control of the aircraft can occur in the air, it will be moving. This is typical for heavy airliners that need additional balancing. Finally, on supersonic machines, a mobile stabilizer of the aircraft is used, also performing the role of elevator.
