Plum in our country for its popularitylocated on the third place after apple and cherry. However, for its intensive cultivation throughout Russia there are certain obstacles. The main reason is, of course, insufficient winter hardiness compared to the same apple tree and even cherry. And although this stone fruit culture is not in the first place in the list of luxurious gifts of gardens, its fruits are in no way inferior to other fruits in their taste, value and content of useful elements.
Plum is never boring. It is useful not only rich in trace elements and vitamins, such as riboflavin, A, E, C, B1, etc.
For central Russia for some timethe cultivation of this, of course, not only tasty, but also useful culture was fraught with certain difficulties. However, the times when the plum was considered a purely southern plant have already passed a long time ago. Thanks to the creation of new, more winter-hardy species, today this culture can often be seen in gardens in the northern territories of our country, with the exception of permafrost.
Recommended varieties for central Russiaso numerous that they can cover the agricultural map of our country, ranging from its southernmost regions all the way to the Far East. In order to choose the right view for a particular climate zone, it is necessary to study its characteristics in detail.
Today, many on sites grows plum, howeveroften, it either produces low yields or does not bear fruit at all. Experts attribute this to the fact that these are varieties that breeders have not advised to plant for a long time. Currently, it is worth paying attention to new and already well-established species across the country, not only producing great harvests, but also characterized by large and tasty fruits.
The success of growing any fruit tree dependson how properly selected varieties of plums. The species recommended for central Russia should primarily have winter hardiness, large-fruited and high yields.
When choosing seedlings, you need to consider the timing,when fruit ripening occurs. An ideal option would be when there is an opportunity to plant both early and middle and late-bearing varieties on the plot. First of all, it is worth looking at the zoned species that have already passed the test period and have worked well in specific areas. They are included in the database of the State Register of Breeding Plants, where you can see their division into zones.
This is a well-proven "skoroplodnaya"“Egg blue”, “blue gift”, “eurasia 21”, etc. They belong to different groups according to the maturity. For example, the very common plums renklody in the middle lane produce a crop in late June-mid July. The early are “morning”, “super early”, “opal”, “over-river early”, etc.
"Egg blue" is winter-hardy and quitetall tree giving blue-violet fruit with a thick waxy bloom. The shape of this variety of plums for central Russia resembles an egg. The species is considered to be self-bearing, but it has one drawback - the instability to diseases.
Another variety - "smolinka" - gives very large andamazingly tasty fruit. However, it is self-infertile. Therefore, amateur gardeners planted a number of "blue egg", "blue gift", "Moscow Hungarian" or "morning."
Last obtained by crossingFrench "greenery of Ulens" and local varieties of "early ripening red." Both of these varieties, although poorly resistant, but quickly restored, even after a strong freezing. And already in the fourth year after planting, gardeners manage to collect about twenty-two kilograms of red-purple large fruits with an oval shape and attracting sweet-sour taste from each tree. However, this variety after the winter with the bitter cold can no longer bear fruit. In addition, the "morning" - partly self-fruiting variety. Its productivity significantly increases when such varieties of plums, which are recommended for central Russia, such as “green farm collective farm”, “rakitovaya” or “Hungarian moscow”, are planted nearby.
Domestic gardeners loved the "blue-eyed". This sredneroslye bushes with a wide crown. Their main advantage is increased winter hardiness.
For central Russia, a good fit and"Alexia". It is a low tree, one and a half meters tall or slightly taller, with a rounded raised crown. Its fruits ripen late - at the end of summer. With one adult tree, subject to all agrotechnical norms, it will be possible to collect about fifteen kilograms of a pear-shaped blue-violet plum with a bone well diverted from the pulp.
«Память Тимирязева» - еще один представитель varieties of yellow plums for central Russia - was bred by crossing the "Victoria" and the "red skorospelki". Its almost three-meter trees have a rounded hanging crown. As well as “Victoria”, as well as “egg blue” or other varieties of plums for central Russia (self-bearing ones are generally valued for this quality in general) when frosting is quickly restored. “Memory of Timiryazev” bears fruit in September. Up to thirty-five kilograms of plums can be collected from each tree. Its color is yellow, with a reddish beautiful blush sweet fruit with a slight sourness. They are well transported without cracking and can ripen during storage.
Plums recommended for central Russiaalmost all were obtained as a result of long experiments of agronomists. Moreover, breeders have been able to combine many valuable characteristics in separate subspecies. For example, the best varieties of plums were created - for central Russia and even for more northern regions - with enhanced adaptive properties for existence in relatively harsh conditions. Such characteristics are high winter hardiness with large-fruited, as well as improved quality, etc.
Today, thanks to the success of breeders, gardeners have the opportunity to grow plums in the Non-Chernozem region, in areas with severe winters - up to forty degrees cold.
Subspecies of this group arehigh quality varieties, giving round large fruits. They have tender and juicy flesh, well separated from the bone. Greens in our country are zoned in several varieties. In particular, for the middle lane, the “green farm collective farm” is excellent, which has arisen as a result of the crossing of dwarfs and with a southern green view. The crown of this variety is rounded, and the height of the tree reaches three meters. It is possible even to grow the "farmland collective farm" even in the Moscow region. However, he is self-infertile, and therefore he necessarily needs pollinators, which should be planted nearby.
От «скороспелки красной» и «ренклода зелёного» the Sukhanovskaya variety with average winter hardiness was bred. Its height is about three meters. This plum is self-productive, therefore, in order to obtain the harvest, it is necessary that the “farm harvest collective farm” or “Hungarian Moscow” grow nearby.
Varieties recommended for growing under conditionsthe middle part of our country, it is recommended to plant in the spring. This is explained by the fact that when they are placed in the ground in the fall, they, not having had time to take root or get stronger, often freeze in the winter cold.
Посадочную яму, однако, можно приготовить загодя, in October-November, or early in the spring, two weeks before disembarkation. Its depth should be about sixty centimeters with a diameter of 60-70 cm. The soil, taken out of the pit, is mixed with humus and shifted back.
A wooden stake is hammered into the center of the recess.A sapling is tied to it. Roots need to be filled with the top layer of the earth without fertilizers, only slightly tamping with your hands as you powder, so that there are no voids around them.
The first two or three years after plum planting ingardens in the middle lane need only use nutrients added to the planting pit. And only then it is possible to apply mineral or organic fertilizers to the near-stem circle.
An important event in the process of care for plums,intended for cultivation in the middle zone of our country, is the constant removal of root growth, which can appear around in large quantities and cause a lot of inconvenience. They should be removed up to five times per summer so that the mother plant is not weakened and its yield is not reduced.
Все сорта слив, для средней полосы России crossed, responsive to fertilizers. In the early spring season and in the post-flowering period, nitrogen supplements should be applied to promote the most intensive tree growth.
For the successful cultivation of this crop in the middlethe strip in the gardens you need to choose the right place for it. The taste of plums is highly dependent on temperature during the warm season. In an unfavorable summer with cool and rainy weather, varieties recommended for these regions may not get sugars, and therefore remain acidic. Therefore, they are planted in a bright place where there is a lot of sun.
