On the peninsula of Crimea, in the Bakhchsarai district,There is an amazing place - the Kulle-Burun cape with the fast Belbek river at the foot. It is located just over a kilometer from the village of Maloye Sadovoe. The name of the cape is translated as "Tower cape", and not in vain. It stands on an amazing fortress Suyren. To this day, it is one of the most unexplored, mysterious and mysterious structures of the ancient Crimea.
Until now, scientists do not know what year orat least the century was built Suyrensky fortress. Most historians adhere to the time period between the VI-XII centuries, namely the X century. It is believed that it was built by the Byzantines, who at that time owned the Crimean land.
Основной задачей крепости была охрана центра Crimean Gothia and parallel control of the road leading to the southern coast. The beam through which the road to the tower lies is called the Altyn-Isar-Bogaz Turks. The translation reveals the secret of the name of the fortress itself. In Russian it sounds like a passage to the Golden Fortress.
By the XIII century Suyrenskaya fortress (Crimea)becomes like a small town. At this time, it houses the castle of the feudal lord, who owns rural settlements at the foot of the cape. By the end of the XIV century, the fortress passed into the hands of the Theodorites. Now it is the northern outpost of the principality. For all the time that these lands were in the state of Theodoro, historians and archaeologists have noted a significant flourishing of the city and an increase in the well-being of its population.
Historians claim that Turkish troopscrushed Syuyrensky fortress in 1475. Since then, almost no mention of it. There are only some assumptions about living in these places Crimean ready Stsivarin. Perhaps it was the XVIII century.
Although there is a not very popular version of the defeat of the fortress in 1299 by the Tatar-Mongol invaders.
Syuyrenskaya fortress was erected in the form of two curtains. They converged at the foot of the round tower. Walls with a height of more than 4.5 meters formed an angle (about 130about). They were only 110 meters long, but had a considerable width of 2.5 meters. From the other sides it was impossible to approach the ancient settlement — steep precipices surrounded it.
It is believed that the tower was a two-story, and the heightit was about 12 meters (including parapet and merlon). Today it is a little more than ten. The round structure has solved a platform. She was surrounded by a two-meter half-meter wall and was ready to withstand even the most terrible battle.
All walls of the building are lined with limestone blocks. They were sealed with mortar based on the same limestone. The interfloor overlappings are lined with wooden bars.
Each level had three loopholes.To the south-west of the tower was organized a tunnel. He made it possible to move between the parts of the protective structure unnoticed by the enemy. On the other hand were high and strong gates. Dwellings of ordinary citizens built of stone.
To one of the cliffs led a secret passage, which prepared in case of a forced emergency flight from the city.
Suyrenskaya fortress had in their possession about 1.7 hectares. And it was inhabited very densely. The northeastern part of the settlement was occupied by vineyards.
At the turn of the XIII-XIV centuries, 300 meters from the tower, a wall 145 meters long and 1.2 meters high was erected. Archaeologists still argue about its purpose. Most stick to the livestock corral version.
There are suggestions that Syuyrenskaya fortress(photo of the tower confirms these guesses) was the home of the feudal lord. The tower structure with a diameter of eight meters was later converted into a chapel. Instead of a platform, a dome appeared. And the pictures of the inner surfaces of the walls are clearly visible images of the faces of the saints.
The famous Crimean earthquake is enoughseverely damaged serfs. By the end of the 1940s, attempts were made to restore the main tower. But by the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, all the attached and fortified parts collapsed for no reason, and the tower again appeared in its original form.
To our days, besides the tower structure, a defensive wall with the remains of dwellings, earthenware and tarapany have come down.
There have always been many tourists in these places.It attracts very much Syuyrenskaya fortress. How to get here, tell every local. Immediately after the stop in the village of Maloye Sadovoe, there is a path leading through the bridge of the Belbek River. Then, without turning off, one should go to the southern outskirts of the settlement and go to the reservoir. Behind him begins a dirt road. After passing a kilometer and a half, you need to turn left and go carefully, guided by the red markers. They will lead past the Chelter-Koba monastery, located right in the cave, gradually narrowing the path to the Kizilnik gorge. To its left begins a plateau that leads to a straight road through the forest. And here it is, Syuyrenskaya fortress in all its glory!
