Inspection of buildings and structures representsa procedure for checking the structures for the actual technical condition and maintaining the operational properties. The assessment is conducted to monitor the condition and identify the need for repair or restoration work.
Do not confuse technical inspection of buildingsand facilities with expertise of industrial safety of buildings. The latter is conducted at sites associated with hazardous production and is subject to compulsory registration in Rostekhnadzor. It can only be carried out by specialized organizations that have the appropriate license to carry out these works, issued by Rostechnadzor, and in accordance with certain regulatory documents. To them, first of all, the Federal Law "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities". The new edition of the rules for conducting the examination came into force on January 1, 2014. The results of technical expertise are subject to compulsory registration in Rostekhnadzor. Supervisory authorities oblige to conduct technical inspection of industrial facilities every 5 years.
The inspection of buildings is aan independent check of the state of structures and engineering systems, conducted on a voluntary basis. In fact, it is the collection of information about the technical condition of the structures at the moment to determine the need for repairs, the possibility of reconstruction or the assessment of the market value of the facility.
The need for a survey canarise for different reasons. The acquisition of a structure in the property involves the imposition of a large sum. Preliminary examination of the building's condition will help to get an objective understanding of its technical condition and save from additional spending time and money in the future.
In this case, it is possible to determine the degree of physical wear of the whole building or individual structural elements and to establish the actual value of the object.
When buying an unfinished object it is advisableconduct a thorough examination of the state of the building in order to determine the further work front. After the audit, it will be clear whether the building needs repair and to what extent, is it necessary to reconstruct, or cheaper and easier to demolish it and build a new one.
Checking the condition of the building will adequatelyassess the possibility and need for adjustment or repair. For example, a fairly common practice of buying a house after a fire in some cases may require a survey of the condition of the building to determine the appropriate price and the appropriateness of carrying out reconstruction work.
Technical inspection of buildings and structureswill help in planning the reconstruction of an unfinished or fire-damaged facility. It will give an objective assessment of the state of load-bearing structures, their supporting resource and stability.
When planning reconstruction, modernizationa building or a major overhaul is recommended to conduct a survey of the building's structures. The need for this procedure is dictated by the specifics of the design of the project for carrying out these works.
Designing a new building is easiertask than planning work with an existing object. In this case, the inspection and technical inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in order to determine what structural elements of the building need to be replaced or strengthened, what changes will be made in the layout of the premises.
When designing, you can change the functionalpurpose of the object, expand or reduce the area depending on the wishes of the owner. Technical inspection of buildings will make it possible to determine the level of permissible increase in loads on load-bearing structures during re-planning or building superstructure.
Renewal of construction and installation worksafter a long break, too, requires a preliminary survey to determine the current state of the building and determine the appropriateness of continuing work.
The appearance of defects or damages in the structures, the appearance of deformation changes during the operation of the building is the basis for a thorough examination.
Building inspection of buildings is carried outto identify design flaws, violations of building codes and performance of substandard work. In this case, it is possible to detect marriage, hidden flaws, use of poor-quality materials.
The survey will help identify the culpritsdamage caused to buildings. Damage can occur from the fact that the design or construction work was carried out illiterately or negligently, fire or flooding occurred, in the next room or building, global repairs were carried out, leading, for example, to deformation of the ground base. Qualitatively conducted survey will provide an opportunity to identify the extent of damage, recover money through the court, determine the possibility of further operation of the building.
Conducting a survey is necessary in relation tobuildings damaged by natural or man-made disasters. It will provide an opportunity to assess the condition of the structure, the possibility of its further use, the need and scope of repair and restoration work.
A full survey of buildings and structures includesin itself three interrelated stages: preparation, visual inspection and detailed examination. In some cases, it is sufficient to hold the first two stages, since the latter involves the use of special equipment and, consequently, additional cash costs. The need for a detailed survey is determined by a specialist and assigned if the visual inspection was unable to fully identify all the problems.
To survey the structure more thoroughly andeffectively, a thermal imager is used - a special diagnostic equipment that captures the change in the temperature level. With its help you can detect hidden from the eye defects, perform an analysis of faults in the structure of the building. The action of this device is based on fixing the image in infrared rays.
During training, the specialist conductsacquaintance with the object itself, project and executive documentation and all available records about the repair or reconstruction work carried out before, as well as previous surveys. The study of documents allows you to obtain information about the time of design and construction, erection technologies, materials used, possible deviations and changes in the project, data on operating conditions and the resulting defects and damages. In the absence of the necessary documentation, measurements are taken and a drawing is created. Based on the received technical task, a work program is prepared.
Visual inspection includes examination of allbuildings and individual structural elements. At the same time, measuring instruments and instruments are used. A description of the identified problems with recommendations for their elimination is compiled.
If a visual inspection revealssignificant damage, reducing the strength of the structure and individual elements, or the inability to fully study the structure, a detailed examination is recommended. For him, special equipment is used, samples of building materials for laboratory testing are taken.
When the technical inspection of buildings is completed,a technical conclusion is drawn up that contains all the data obtained and the results of the survey, recommendations for the elimination of identified problems, and possible options for strengthening the design.
