Biathlon is a spectacular and very exciting sport. It closely intertwined two disciplines - shooting and skiing. We can safely say that biathlon is speed and accuracy.
The first championship for this sport was held in1958, and in 1960 he was included in the Olympic program. Over time, the basic principles and regulations for the biathlon competitions were formed. They initially consisted only of an individual race, which over the years began to join other disciplines.
We'll talk about what the pants in biathlon are (this is one of the new types of cross-country skiing), and try to penetrate some of its subtleties.
But before we go to the pasyutu, let's clarify what the general rules for carrying out all types of biathlon race.
To the team "To start!" The judges are assigned to the participants.And in some disciplines, for example, in the mass start, athletes start all together, and in some - at fixed time intervals (sprint, pasyut or individual race).
After passing the specified distance to the skierit is necessary to show also accuracy, shooting on 5 targets. In the event of a miss, different types of biathlon races offer different penalties - this may be the passage of an additional round, the receipt of a penalty time or the use of additional ammunition.
Athletes during the race do not have the right to interfere with other competitors, cut circles, and ignore the passage of penalty distances.
At the firing line, the biathlete must be extremely careful, since he can not shoot at someone else's targets. Even if he accurately gets into someone else's target, it's still counted as a blunder.
The winner in the race is the athlete who showed the best time, but it, nevertheless, directly depends on the results of the shooting.
Regardless of which competitions are held - biathlon sprint, pasuit, individual race or mass start, - shooting conditions remain the same.
The distance to the target is 50 m, andThe targets (there are only five) in the recess are 115 mm in diameter, painted black and located on a common white plate. If the shot is accurate, the target is closed with a white valve, which helps the athlete to see the result of the shooting.
If the biathlete shoots standing, then hecounts the hit in any segment of the circle, and when shooting lying - only hit in a circle with a diameter of 45 mm, located on the main target. In the case when hit occurs ricochet from the edge of the plate, the result is still counted.
In sport sprinting, as you know, it's overcoming a short distance. A biathlon-Sprint is running 10 km (for men) and 7.5 km (for women). In this case, athletes are 2 firing lines - 1 standing and 1 lying.
A miss in shooting is punished by passingBy the way, in the sprint ski athletes run by turns, and those who start the race in the last rows, often already at the start know the results of its first.
Между прочим, от результатов спринта для Biathlonists largely depend on the results of a fairly young Olympic discipline - pasyuta (pursuit race). It was introduced into the program of the Olympic Games only in 2002, but it won great interest among all sports fans.
This competition can be called exceptional, notsimilar to other disciplines of biathlon. And the main difference of the pursuit race is that the athletes start not all together, and not one after another, every 30 seconds, as in other disciplines, but according to the indicators of the previous sprint race, and in the same order. This makes the pasyts a kind of continuation of the sprint that took place the day before.
So, classical biathlon pasyut (women) represents overcoming of a distance in 10 km, and at men it makes 12, 5 km (this distance passes no more than for 37 minutes).
In the pursuit race, 60 athletes compete,who showed the best results in the previous race - sprint (and, incidentally, if any of them refuses to participate in the competition, then his place is not occupied by the remaining biathletes).
Пасьют в биатлоне – это еще и 4 огневых рубежа (twice - shooting lying down, twice standing), which athletes must pass for 5 laps. Each miss is punishable by 150 m of the penalty circle. So it can be repeated - accuracy for biathlonists is the determining factor.
At the shooting range, athletes take places in theaccording to the time of arrival there. And if the lag from the leader turns out to be equal to the full circle (this is 2.5 km for men or juniors, 2 km for women and 1.5 km for girls-juniors), then the athlete is removed from the race.
Pasjut in biathlon is in many respects an unusual discipline. And one such qualities are the way to determine the winner of the pursuit race.
At the start, as already mentioned, athletesoccupy places corresponding to the parameters of the previous qualifying race. By the way, if the athletes at the same time show the same results, then in the pasyute they get different numbers, but start simultaneously.
And the result of the pursuit race is time,The absolute order of arrival at the finish line. It is counted from the start of the leader, and the fact that others start with a delay is not taken into account. Therefore, the winner in the pasyute is often not the one who has overcome the distance fastest.
As in cross-country skiing, there are team sports in biathlonand individual types of competitions. Biathlon relay refers to team competitions. Each team has 4 members, and the relay has 4 stages. The distances for women are 6 km, and for men - 7.5 km. The start is simultaneous, and in the process of racing biathlonists pass 4 firing lines.
Biathlon relay gives the athletes the right to additional shots (three of them), but they charge the rifle manually. After 8 shots for each miss - 150 m penalty.
Между прочим, результаты эстафетной гонки have a direct impact on the decision of the Nations Cup on how many athletes from the country can be declared for participation in competitions or put on the start.
All disciplines of biathlon have found their fans andin Europe, and in Russia, becoming here gradually one of the priority sports. The history of its development proves that Russians are among the most successful sportsmen, together with representatives of the USSR, the GDR, Germany and Norway. True, the sportsmen of France, Austria, Sweden, Ukraine and Belarus have also significantly improved their qualifications. Hence, competition becomes more rigid, and competitions - more spectacular.
We hope that Russia's biathlon will not give up its positions!
