Gymnastics is the technical basis of numerouskinds of sports. Gymnastic projectiles and equipment allow not only to sharpen the technique of performing individual elements, but also provide an opportunity to improve coordination of movements, improve the sense of balance, develop flexibility, endurance.
Discipline includes, above all, supporting jumps and floor exercises. Let's look at the types of gymnastic shells, we will understand, for what purposes they are used.
The shell is made in the form of two parallel poles.The length of each of them is 3.5 m. Hardwoods are used as the materials of manufacture: beech, ash, birch. To increase the breaking strength, the core of the poles is reinforced with steel rods.
Telescopic construction of the beams allowsAdjust their height according to the needs of the athlete or the requirements of the competition. Female gymnastic projectiles of this category are fixed on stretch marks.
According to generally accepted requirements, duringthe crossbeams of the male bars are placed at a height of 1.75 m. At the same time, the upper jumper of the female shell is located at a level of 2.45 m from the surface of the safety mats and the lower one at an altitude of 1.65 m.
Поскольку в ходе эксплуатации на такие спортивные gymnastic shells have extraordinary loads, the main structural elements here are made of high-tensile spring steel. Allocate universal horizontal bars and crossbars for competitions.
The horse includes an elongated plastic ora wooden base lined with elastic material, and a heavy metal stand that prevents the projectile from moving. The device contains two parallel knobs, which serve as sticks.
The length of the shell of the standard projectile is 1.6m, width - 35 cm, and height - 28 cm. The latter is strengthened on metal "legs", which allow to change the position and height of the projectile. To work out the men's competitive gymnastic program, the horse is located at a height of 1.15 m from the surface of the site. If, however, the projectile is used as a basis for repulsion in the performance of the support jump, the racks are moved to the level of 1.25 m for women and 1.35 m for men. The weight of the horse is 125 kg.
Such gymnastic shells are made of wood. The body is covered with rubber or felt, and then burlap.
There are several types of gymnastic horses:
The platform of the gymnastic bridge is madeof plywood thickness of 15 mm and has a multi-layer structure. The outer coating of the projectile is represented by elastic packing, which prevents slipping during jumping.
Represent a moving gymnasticshell. The rings are hung on special elastic, high-strength cables. A gymnastic project is used in the program of the Olympic Games to develop the men's program.
According to the requirements of the International Federationgymnastics, the ropes of the device should be fixed at an altitude of 5.75 m from the surface of the site, and the rings themselves at a level of 2.75 m. The inner diameter of the jigs is 18 cm. The distance between the rings in a calm state is 50 cm.
A log from softwood is produced.On top of the shell is covered with a shell in the form of solid veneer. The log must necessarily contain an outer cloth covering of the material, which prevents slipping during the exercise and accordingly protects the athlete from injury. For the same reason, the corners and edges of the beam are rounded. Such gymnastic projectiles are strengthened on two adjustable racks, which contain fixed shock absorbers.
Currently, there are:universal logs of variable height, low devices of constant height, as well as products with soft and hard coatings. These types of gymnastic projectiles are used in various types of training and competitive activities.
Gym mats are used assafety means for mitigating shock loads when performing a jump from various projectiles. Products of this category are produced from linen cloth, cotton fabrics, canvas. The stuffing here is foam rubber, cotton wool or sponge rubber. As for external cases, they are made of natural or artificial leather.
There are gymnastic mats of several standard sizes: 2x1 m and 2x1,25 m. According to safety requirements, the thickness of the products should not exceed 6.5 cm.
Today in the conduct of youth competitionsuse mats with foam rubber. However, due to the increased loads, in the adult competitive practice the use of such devices is prohibited. Therefore, mats with rubber fillers are used here.
