Emergency lighting is aan independent element of the central lighting system, the main purpose of which is reduced to providing visibility and normal orientation of people at the sites when it breaks down or turns off. In addition, it is indispensable for all sorts of disasters man-made and natural origin. In connection with this, all public and industrial enterprises must be equipped with such a system.
В целом такую систему, как аварийное освещение, it is customary to divide into two main varieties: backup and evacuation. The main function of the first of them is to provide such amount of light, which is necessary to support the performance of enterprises in the social sphere of activity, as well as those institutions, even a temporary stop of which can lead to disastrous consequences. For example, this may include medical and social facilities, as well as companies engaged in various types of hazardous production. Here at least two auxiliary luminaires should be installed in each of the rooms.
As for the second system, this is an evacuationlighting, which is necessary to ensure the emergency completion of all urgent types of work. In addition, it is designed to help evacuate the personnel of the enterprise in the event of a catastrophe or threat to human life. Installation of evacuation lamps and lamps is always made on the way to a safe exit at a distance, which ensures the smallest degree of illumination in the center of the corridor.
Installation of emergency and centrallighting in most cases is done in parallel, but not jointly. The fact is that it is desirable that their power lines are not laid at all at the location of the main electrical wiring. According to the legislation in force in our country, the emergency lighting control should be carried out from the premises, distribution or group points, from substations or other places that are accessible only to service personnel. Anyway, it is recommended that in the corridors there are no buttons on and off the lights.
As for the places of their installation, it is mandatorythey must be present above all emergency exit doors and safety signs, near fire-fighting tools and the panic button, on staircases, in tunnels and on evacuation routes.
Emergency lighting regardless of itsvariety, is a system that is not used frequently and intensively. At the same time, in case of an urgent need for its application, the operation of each of the elements must be trouble-free. In this regard, it is recommended to conduct ongoing inspections by specialists not only of the equipment itself, but also of communication networks. Only in this case it is possible to speak with confidence about the proper functioning of the entire system.
Each emergency lighting fixture shouldchosen, above all, taking into account all regulatory documents that provide for their requirements in terms of electrical and fire safety. The reliability of devices is also important, since it is not known under what conditions they can succeed. The housings of such lamps must be made of high quality materials. As for power sources, in various objects in most cases emergency luminaires with a battery are used. As practice shows, without additional recharging, these devices can function for a period of one to three hours. At the same time, options with other power sources have recently begun to appear.
Used in the emergency lighting systemLamps can be divided into three main groups depending on their functioning. The first of these are permanent devices. Their distinguishing characteristic is that the lamp continues to work even when disconnected from the network. The second type is lamps of inconstant action. Their lamps are turned on only if the main lighting system malfunctions. The third category includes combined instruments. Their design provides for the installation of two or more lamps. In this case, one of them provides emergency lighting, while the rest operate from the general network.
Usual incandescent bulbs do not differ highefficiency, and their use at various sites is very expensive. As a result, this leads to the constant emergence of new technologies and ideas in this area. One of the most interesting among them was autonomous lighting, which operates by converting solar and wind energy. The main advantage of such systems is the absence of the need for laying electrical lines. In addition, they do not need constant maintenance. As practice shows, the most effective use of such systems on dangerous sections of highways (bridges, interchanges, railway crossings). Also, from year to year they are increasingly appearing in many enterprises.
Autonomous lighting system itselfIt is a high pole on which a solar panel, wind generator and LED lamp are mounted. During the day, the energy of the sun and wind is converted into electric current, which accumulates in batteries installed in a special box at the foot of the pillar, and can be used at any time.
