Not every owner of his own site canto boast a perfectly flat relief, from which it can be concluded that a retaining wall of concrete, the construction technology of which will be described in the article, is sometimes an indispensable element that can act as a decoration of a garden and a structure dividing it into zones. The construction of such a structure can not be called a complex process, during which it is possible to realize different fantasies of landscape design.
Concrete retaining wall, technologythe construction of which must be observed by you during the work, may have a certain structure that determines its function. Thus, some walls are decorated, while others - strengthen. Each is designed for its degree of impact and consists of basic elements, among them: the foundation, body, drainage and drainage. The foundation is an underground part and is designed to withstand the pressure of the soil. The ground part is the body, the inner side of which is in contact with the soil and leads around the hill in the area. The outer, front side is open and may have a flat or sloping appearance. Protective communications are drainage and drainage. In the design process, it is necessary to provide methods for the removal of excess moisture, which will accumulate from the inside.
Устройство подпорных стен из бетона должно provide for the presence of each of the above elements. Only in this way the construction will be as stable as possible and will show the ability to undergo high pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the factors that affect strength. Some physical forces will affect the wall, namely: dead weight, friction force and adhesion to the ground, soil pressure, as well as additional weight of elements. The latter can be mounted on the wall.
It is important to take into account those phenomena that will beto influence the structure, among them: swelling of the soil in the winter season, vibration (if the railway is built nearby), rainwater washing, seismic phenomena and wind. Considering the latter factor, it should be noted that a concrete retaining wall (height 2 m or more) will undergo strong wind loads.
The described design is aa rather complicated engineering structure, therefore, when it is set up, it is necessary to take into account certain factors on which reliability, strength and durability will depend. It is possible to begin construction of such structures on stable soils which contain clay, crushed stone, sandy loam, and also gravel. For the successful completion of the work it is necessary to remember that the level of soil freezing should not be more than 1.5 m from the surface.
Groundwater should be at 1 meter, asThe optimal variant is an indicator of 1.5 meters from the surface of the earth. If you yourself decided to carry out construction work, the ground part of the wall should not be above 1.4 meters. If you need a concrete retaining wall (height 3 m), then it is best to turn to professionals, as this will require complex calculations, taking into account the pressure of the soil and its mobility.
Подпорная стенка из бетона, фото которой вы be able to see in the article, should have a foundation that is distinguished by reliability, if the structure has a height of more than 30 centimeters. In this case, it is necessary to follow the rule, which consists in the dependence of the foundation depth on the characteristics of the soil. The more unstable and lighter the soil, the deeper the foundation must be laid. If the soil is different in density, then the ratio of the depth of the base and the height of the above-ground part should correspond to the ratio of 1 to 4. If you have to work with soil of medium friability, then the depth of the base should be 1/3 of the height of the support. If the ground is sufficiently soft and loose, then the depth of the base of the structure should be equal to 1/2 the height. The foundation must have concrete, gravel and crushed stone, as well as heavy length or compacted cement.
Concrete retaining wall, technology anda device which you can study and implement yourself, should provide for drainage and waterproofing, which will ensure reliability and durability. It is not enough to build a good foundation and install a wall; the structure should be protected from moisture, which can have a devastating effect. It is necessary to waterproof the inner side of the support.
Drainage is divided into longitudinal, transverse andcombined. Transverse implies mounting holes in every second or third row, their diameter should be about ten centimeters. You can lay the tube at an angle, then the water will immediately go outside the site. If you decide to equip a longitudinal drainage, then it is placed along the wall under the ground at the level of the foundation. For this, a corrugated, asbestos-cement or ceramic pipe with a diameter of 10 centimeters is laid. The elements are wrapped in geotextile, which will absorb moisture from small holes. In order to prevent the penetration of water into the structure of the masonry, which, when the temperature decreases, will cause the wall to collapse, it is necessary to provide for an eaves block or visor with a slight slope.
If you need a retaining wall of concrete,technology and the device with your own hands you must be studied and produced by a certain technology. The technique provides for the arrangement of a drainage layer, which is located between the soil and the structure itself. After completing the wall assembly, you can begin to fill the space formed by the wall and the slope. For this you can use coarse-grained soils of the type of pebbles, gravel and coarse sand. To do this, quite often used the battle of bricks and waste construction materials.
It is important to note that gravel will rendersome pressure on the support, but will act as a drainage layer. Drainage mixture should be filled in layers, each separate layer must be compacted. Preferred are coarse soils and sands taken from sandy loam. The retaining wall of concrete, the technology of arrangement of which is described in the article, must have the upper part of the laying layer, which may consist of vegetable soil. After tamping the last layer, you need to leave everything in this state for several days, without subjecting the surface to stresses. Strengthening materials due to this will gain their properties. After completing all the above works, you can begin the arrangement of the terrace.
The monolith is poured into the formwork, inwhich will perform shields broken line configuration. The individual components are reinforced from the outside with struts so that the formwork can withstand the pressure of concrete. Inside are installed reinforcing mesh rows, which consist of metal rods and scraps of pipes. They should be tied together with wire. At a height of 5 centimeters from the surface of the earth you need to lay plastic pipes that will ensure the collection of collected water. The distance between them should be 1 meter.
For a smooth outer surfacethe formwork inside is sheathed with plywood or roofing felt. If you need a retaining wall of concrete, the construction technology of which is described in the article, then you can build it out of concrete, while there is no need to make reinforcement. The device of this design allows you to save cement, as a significant amount of stones.
The first row fits dry, formedvoids should be filled with rubble and filled with a solution. After a series of stones is laid again, they need to be drowned in the solution, continuing to work until the formwork is filled. As in the case of monolithic walls, concrete structures should contain pipes for water drainage.
Подпорная стенка из бетона, расчет которой вы you can do it yourself, it should be poured without large interruptions in work, otherwise it will be impossible to exclude the formation of seams. In order to calculate how much concrete to purchase, it is necessary to determine the internal volume of the future wall. To do this, its area is initially determined, and then the value is multiplied by the depth of the wall. This will allow you to understand how much solution should be ordered at the factory. But if there is no such possibility, it is better to rent a concrete mixer.
