Today it is difficult to imagine a person whowould not listen to music or watch TV. Sound as such we hear from special devices (speakers), which are sometimes called acoustic systems. Today their types can be pretty much. Speaking about the basic characteristics of such devices, first we need to understand what is acoustics. This concept can refer not only to playback devices, since it has a broader interpretation.
Initially, the term "acoustics" has not yet beeninvented columns and amplifiers, was positioned exclusively as a set of specific parameters describing the propagation, reflection or absorption of sound in a specific space (open, closed) and environment.
In other words, from the point of view of physics, acoustics is, roughly speaking, the behavior of sound under certain conditions.
Today it is customary to refer to systems of amplification and reproduction with reference to computer systems or devices for the reproduction of acoustics.
As for the classification of such systems, noneof them can not work independently. The acoustics are connected to a pre-amplifier or main amplifier, which transmits the signal to the speakers either directly or through additional devices (equalizers, crossovers, etc.).
According to the principles of operation and connection, almost allacoustic systems can be divided into two large classes - active and passive. Passive speakers are connected directly to the amplifier, through which the audio signal is transmitted with the use of its own electrical circuit. Active acoustics is a system that is connected not only to the amplifier, but also to the electrical network. This is necessary for the operation of the built-in preamplifiers (for example, located in the subwoofer).
In subclasses, you can find such types of systems as:
Individually separate columns of open and closed type.
If we talk about what systems are used inHome conditions, for the most part, are either passive acoustics with direct connection to amplifiers, or active home theater systems connected to DVD or Blu-ray players.
As the simplest example of passivespeakers (loudspeakers), you can bring, if anyone remembers, the models of Radiotehnika S-series, which are simply connected to the amplifier without the use of power. They were able to produce only a stereo signal or something like a pseudo-quadro when connecting not two, but four speakers.
Active systems for home theaters inDolby Surround and Digital Audio standards are mainly used, and may vary in the number of additional speakers (5 + 1, 7 + 1). In this designation, the unit corresponds to the subwoofer, and the first numbers indicate the number of speakers (several front, rear and side).
But all home systems can produce sound.in the range from 16-20 Hz to 18-20 kHz (less often - up to 22-24 kHz, which the human ear practically does not perceive), and they consist of three types of speakers - low, medium and high frequency with different variations in the number . At each speaker (diffuser), a signal of a strictly defined frequency is given (sometimes crossovers are used to separate the main signal), which allows achieving such a sound that the frequencies do not mix (do not overlap each other).
Computer speakers in something verystrongly resemble homemade. But in this case both the simplest speakers with limited sound ranges, and whole professional systems like those used in home theaters can be used.
True, it all depends on the sound card. It affects playback in a paramount way.
But professional acoustics is alreadySeriously. It is mainly used in recording studios or at concerts. This could include studio or concert monitors, guitar "kombik" and the whole sound portals. Most of these systems are controlled either on the devices themselves (almost all of them are equipped with preamplifiers), or through a central mixing console on which instruments are reduced to volume or panorama, not to mention the use of additional effects for processing the primary signal.
In terms of concert portals you cancall the company Marshall and JBL. But what is interesting: these manufacturers still prefer to use tube amplifiers instead of semiconductor ones, since they have more power and provide a warmer analog sound.
If we recall the biggest in rock history1991 concert Monsters Of Rock in Moscow, which took place on the airfield in Tushino, the power of sound portals in the total amount was about 600 kW. Performances by E.S.T., The Black Crowes, Pantera, Metallica and AC / DC could be heard even on the subway three kilometers from the field. You can imagine what was going on in front of the stage.
As for monitors, any performer will sayto you that they serve to hear the overall sound on stage without delay. The main portal is in front, and the performer perceives only the reflected signal, because of which it can simply not get in tact.
But guitarists with the advent of "Kombik" luckymuch bigger. The fact is that professional acoustics of this type allow you to independently adjust the sound quality or additional effects with connected guitar processors or “lotions”, and such a signal will be transmitted to main amplifiers with output to the portal or input of a recording studio device. And almost all world leaders in the manufacture of guitar instruments produce their own models.
Thus, acoustics is not just a description.physical processes or just columns. In the case of sound reproduction and processing systems, one can speak of complex complexes that provide not only sound, but also give the possibility to control all processes, including processing or amplification of a sound signal.
