After the events of 2014, Crimea again attractedattention not only Russians, but also, perhaps, the whole world. And the matter is not only in the political scandal between the two states - Russia and Ukraine. And not in the swiftness with which Russia carried out the Crimean operation. And the fact is that after the return of the Crimea, the Russian Black Sea Fleet found a second life.
It's no secret that over the years of owning Ukrainethe Crimean shores, the development of the Crimea was severely slowed down, and very little money was allocated from the treasury for the maintenance of the peninsula. This also affected the naval bases of the Crimean peninsula. In the article we will try to describe most fully what prospects Russia has in developing the Black Sea Fleet on the Crimean peninsula.
From history it is known that the field of how Crimeapassed under the possession of Russia, it was in Balaklava Bay were placed ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. Since 1776, the Balaklava Greek Infantry Battalion was located in this place. The basis of this battalion consisted of emigrants, participants in the anti-Ottoman uprising on the islands of the Aegean Sea. It should be noted that the very queen Catherine the Great was marked by his benevolence of the brave Hellenes.
From 1853 to 1856, during the Crimean War,Balaclava and the bay were captured by British troops. They turned the Balaklava Bay into a military base and, in fact, there were already assaults from there, and there was military support during the siege of Sevastopol.
With the division of the fleet between Ukraine and Russia, according to data for August 1994, the Black Sea Fleet in Crimea had in its composition the 153rd and 155th brigades of the 14th division.
In this case, the 475th division had 14 large and 9 medium submarines and a submarine floating base.
But I must say that the submarine "Zaporizhia" (project 641), transferred to Ukraine when the fleet was divided, turned out to be inappropriate for this base in terms of its technical parameters.
And after the division of the fleets it was sent to the docks for repairs, which is still trying to hold the Ukrainian Navy.
After in 1995 the Russian militarythe sailors finally left the waters of Ukraine, Balaklava base was abandoned. And its actual "owners" became hunters for non-ferrous and ferrous metals, as the base possessed huge stocks of equipment and machine tools.
And already after a short period of time, when the Russian Black Sea Fleet left the territorial waters of Ukraine, the Balaklava base was a heartbreaking spectacle.
Also, the object of tours around the city and the bay becameunderground plant for the restoration and repair of submarines of the Black Sea Fleet. The top secret base was actively used by the Soviet Union during the Cold War and as a warehouse of nuclear weapons.
The Ukrainian authorities did not find a better use of the secret base, except for how to conduct tours of tourists on the military underwater base.
Agreement on the procedure and conditions for findingThe Black Sea Fleet of Russia in the territorial waters and ports of Ukraine was signed in Kiev on May 28, 1997, following an intergovernmental agreement. The conditions for the division of the Black Sea Fleet and the mutual settlements related to such a division were also specified. These documents were ratified by the State Duma and the Ukrainian Parliament in 1999.
The signed agreement made it possibleto divide the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy. It was decided to leave the main base and headquarters in Sevastopol. And property disputes should have been taken into account by the agreement on the division of property. At the same time, Russia lost 87.7%, and Ukraine - 12.3% of all ships.
All this period of legal status approvalThe Black Sea Fleet and its further fate, of course, adversely affected its combat capability. Many from 1991 to 1997. what was happening was perceived as the fact that the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is slowly but surely dying.
Comparison of the number of personnel for this period could not strengthen the morale of the personnel.
So, compare the numbers.
1. The Black Sea Fleet for 1991:
- Personnel - 100 thousand people.
- The number of ships - 835 of all existing classes:
2. The Black Sea Fleet of Russia for 1997:
Under the 1997 section, the Ukrainian Navy was:
Russia's Black Sea Navy has always been andremains one of the main factors of stability and security in the southern sea directions. Combat vessels of the Black Sea Fleet are doing everything possible to ensure these tasks on the borders of the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
But the Black Sea Fleet is able to carry out combat missions also in different regions of the World Ocean.
Ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia successfullyperform tasks in the Sea of Japan, interacting with the Baltic Fleet. Ships from the crew of this fleet participated in the operation of escorting the transport of Syrian chemical weapons in the Mediterranean.
On an ongoing basis, the Black Sea Fleet support ships successfully carry out anti-piracy tasks.
The return of the Crimea to the structure of Russia undoubtedly improved the combat effectiveness of the Black Sea Fleet. The Russian Federation on a planned basis received the opportunity to properly develop the Navy on the Crimean Peninsula.
The naval forces will have in the Crimea an integrated system, which includes ground bases. The Black Sea Fleet of Russia acquired the main base for the deployment of ships - Sevastopol.
The basic principles of the placement of systems of basingfleet infrastructure - self-sufficiency and functionality. It will be necessary to re-equip the bases of surface and submarine ships, coastal troops with everything necessary to ensure full service and livelihoods.
The reference books provide detailed data on which one can estimate what the Black Sea fleet of Russia is today.
The list of surface ships of the thirtieth division:
The composition of the landing ships of the 197th brigade:
Large landing ships:
The composition of the 68th brigade of guard ships:
Small anti-submarine ships:
Marine minesweepers:
Submarines:
Rocket boats of the 41st brigade:
The composition of the 295th Sulinsky Division:
Rocket boats:
The composition of the 184th brigade (Novorossiysk):
Anti-submarine ships:
Minesweepers:
It did not take long to find a site wherethe headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia is located. Sevastopol was the most suitable for this (in the same place where until March 19, 2014 the headquarters of the Ukrainian Navy was located).
After the division of ships, one submarine, the diesel Alrosa, is in service with the Black Sea.
Today, Russia has a program for the phased buildup of submarine forces of the Black Sea Fleet. The submarine Black Sea Fleet of Russia will see the return on this effort as early as 2016.
By this time, the completion of six new diesel submarines is expected. Such a replenishment of the submarine fleet will radically change the balance of forces in the Black Sea.
The Black Sea Fleet will now be able to solve various tasks at underwater depths and will create groupings to achieve combat objectives.
Estimated submarine entry timesvarious. For example, on August 22, 2015, St. Andrew’s flag was raised on the Novorossiysk diesel-electric submarine in St. Petersburg. After full-scale trials at the Northern Fleet’s test site, it will undoubtedly be sent to a long-term location.
The third submarine from the series of vessels for the Black SeaThe fleet of the program 636 - "Stary Oskol" - was launched on August 28, 2015. After the complex of state and running tests, the "Old Oskol" will take its place in the Black Sea Fleet.
But that's not all. The construction of the Krasnodar submarine hull continues and the Rostov-on-Don launched is being completed.
Two more submarines from the project to strengthen the submarine Black Sea Fleet, the Kolpino and Veliky Novgorod, will be laid.
All 6 submarines of the program "636 diesel" -electric, and by 2016 they will be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. The crews for these submarines are formed and trained in training centers of the Navy.
Конечно, Черноморский флот обязан обладать full deck aviation. Now there is an opportunity to increase the pace of renewal of the naval aviation fleet. It is planned to change the Su-24 aircraft to the new Su-30 MS.
It is also important not to forget that it is in the Crimea that the unique complex of the THREAD is located. For many years, the deck aircraft of the Northern Fleet in Crimea honed their skills on this unique complex.
Также наращиваются темпы по ремонту уже available fleet of the Black Sea Fleet. All this will allow to reach a given level and will provide the Russian Black Sea Fleet with aviation. The composition of aircraft, ready to perform combat missions, will be within 80% of the required amount.
It is intended to recreate a basing system on the Crimean Peninsula that will meet all the requirements for performing combat missions in the region.
The main base is deployed in the city of Sevastopol, points for the deployment of the Black Sea Fleet will also be located there.
Главным требованием к размещению систем basing is their full independence on the principle of ensuring functionality and self-sufficiency. This port, where the Black Sea Fleet of Russia will be stationed, the composition of the ships, both surface and submarine, will be provided with everything necessary for the performance of full-fledged service and livelihoods.
So, at the plants in the Crimea in the shortest possible time will becreated such production sites that would meet modern requirements and technologies. In order to serve the newest ships that come to the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, a gradual replacement of machine equipment with new ones begins.
Теперь федеральное унитарное предприятие в Sevastopol literally came to life. Two large anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet have already been repaired (they are part of the operational units of the Navy in the Mediterranean).
Also, the plant is repairing a diesel submarine "Alrosa". In addition, it should be noted that the wages of workers were brought to the all-Russian level.
Now the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in Sevastopol has received a modern repair base.
The same work is carried out in Novorossiysk onfederal target program, which is calculated until 2020. As part of this program, construction of a place for the deployment of the Black Sea Fleet forces in Novorossiysk is envisaged. In the same way as Sevastopol, this port with its rare protective pier will undoubtedly be another combat location for Russian ships and submarines.
To ensure the safety of shipping inIn the Black Sea region, the Black Sea coast hydrographers have a large scope of work. It will be necessary to conduct comprehensive studies of coastal waters, which will lead to an adjustment of the navigation maps. Hydrographic vessels of the Black Sea Fleet check the operation of radio navigation systems with subsequent repair and modernization.
All this complex of works will significantly affect the safety of navigation in this region, which, in turn, will secure the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, whose ships are constantly replenished.
So, for the purpose of complex equipment of underwaterThe submarine and surface vessels of the Black Sea Fleet will be supplemented by six more vessels, which will undoubtedly have a positive impact on defense capability and will allow to carry out tasks not only in the zone of responsibility provided by the Black Sea Fleet, but also beyond its borders.
