Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adoptedThe State Duma on December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the sphere of education in our country. For heads of educational institutions, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they must know and strictly abide by all provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the main provisions of the Law.
Unfortunately, in one article it is impossibleparse the entire Law in detail, each of its paragraphs. We will examine the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.
Education is a single, focused process.education and training of the individual, the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, attitudes. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen who has a high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.
It is a mistake to believe that education consists only in obtaining information. Here we incorrectly operate with terms.
Training - targeted acquisition of knowledge and skills.
Upbringing is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of a person, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.
Education includes training (the acquisition of knowledge and skills), education (development of generally accepted norms), physical development.
Педагогический работник – это лицо, которое carries out the educational process. He is in an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain official duties, and receives a salary for it. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for admission to the position of teacher in a school, a teacher in a kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal for a teacher to see a person who, with difficulty, finished it himself in due time. In the absence of professional staff, with low pay for teachers, few people went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by a very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.
Today the situation is different:the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes the prohibition to engage in teaching activities to persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law, it is directly established that a person who graduated from a secondary special or higher educational institution has the right to be an employee of education. Education alone is not enough. It will still be necessary to go through the additional specialization of “Pedagogy” if the university or college of the applicant is not pedagogical.
The law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for passing the following levels of education:
The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (last revised) contains a hierarchy of main components in a single education system:
The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” assigns a key role to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:
It’s hard to imagine a Soviet person, butThe Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the permissible forms of study:
The traditional form is divided into:
Дистанционное обучение набирает популярность в Nowadays. In the age of information technology, visiting museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet became a reality, without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated learning.
The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” is a new law.However, he does not single out distance education in a separate category. The student is at home, preparing for an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Consequently, distance education falls into the category of distance learning.
The child does not have to be sent to school today.to obtain a certificate of secondary education. The law "On Education in the Russian Federation" allows for such a possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.
Getting a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:
Семейное образование предполагает переложение family learning functions. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools are very sensitive to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a student of middle and senior managers is about 10 thousand rubles.
School attendance is a tradition inheritedus from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see problems in washing the floors of children as part of the duty of the school. However, Article 34 of the Law expressly provides for the consent of the parents to the child in such a case. Required are classes on technology and labor training. It is on them that pupils are legally obliged, in accordance with federal state programs, to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, and processing wood. Everything else - only at the request of the parents.
So, the main law that governseducation, - Federal Law "On Education of the Russian Federation." Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competences of local authorities, forms and types of education, the rules of final attestations, etc. We have analyzed the most interesting points of this Law in the article.
