The question of the need to documentrights and responsibilities of the child, arose relatively recently. Society only in the twentieth century realized the importance of combating the exploitation of child labor, child slavery, the prostitution of minors and trafficking in children. Finally, in 1924, a document was adopted that most fully covers the existing problems. Prior to this, the rights and duties of the child were considered only from a general perspective.
Work performed
In 1924, the League of Nations adopted a declaration on "childish" problems.
In 1946, the UNICEF Foundation was established, based on the mechanism for helping children around the world.
1959 marked the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Children, which reflected the basic rights and duties of the child of any country.
However, effective mechanisms for protecting the rights of childrenof the world's population, the Declaration did not describe, so the need arose for a new document - the Convention on the Rights of the Child. On November 20, in 1989, the UN adopted it.
Basic Provisions
Rights and responsibilities of the child arise right afterhis birth, but their realization becomes possible only as he grows up. Every year the child's ability to exercise his rights and fulfill his duties grows. And by the age of 18 he becomes a fully capable member of society. At what age and what is the child entitled to do and what kind of responsibility can he bear?
From birth the child has the rights:for the citizenship, for the surname, first name and patronymic, for the family, for knowing their parents, for upbringing, caring for and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parents (in the case of their absence, the duties of the parents in the upbringing of children are assigned to the persons who replace them) for comprehensive development, for respect, for expressing one's opinion in resolving issues relating to his interests, to appeal to the guardianship authorities.
In a year and a half the child has the right to visit a nursery, and in three years - a kindergarten.
In six years a citizen has the right to attend school,to conclude small transactions at the household level, and also to agree on the disposal of personal funds with parents. The duties of the guardian are to completely replace the parents in the event of their absence.
At the age of eight, the child can already join children's social organizations.
A ten-year-old has the following rights:
on their own opinion in solving any issues in the family;
to consent to change their name or name, as well as to adopt or restore the parental rights of their parents;
decide with which of the parents he wants to live after the divorce, if they diverge;
to witness at any court session.
At eleven years old the child is already responsible for violating the rules of public order and can be placed in a special institution for re-education.
A fourteen-year-old can independentlydispose of his earned money, has the right to change citizenship, apply to the court, with the consent of the parents to make various kinds of transactions, as well as make money contributions to financial organizations and dispose of them. A citizen at the age of 14 has the right to obtain a passport, in some cases to marry and find work for a simple job (up to 4 hours a day) with the consent of the parents. At this age, a teenager is criminally responsible for especially serious crimes, and may also be expelled from an educational institution for offenses.
At the age of 16 a citizen can be a member of an AO orcooperative, can independently conclude an employment contract (on concessional terms) or engage in entrepreneurial activities (in which case it is declared fully capable), bears criminal responsibility for all types of crimes, has the right to marry.
At the age of eighteen, a person becomes a full-fledged citizen.
