What is epilepsy?This is a disease that many people associate with seizures, convulsions, and other unpleasant symptoms. But in fact, everything is not so. Very often, the pathology is different, therefore not always an unknowing person can identify it and provide timely assistance.
Epilepsy - chronic pathology or rejection,which is characterized by abnormalities in the brain. To determine the disease is possible only after a thorough examination. As for the treatment, it is carried out without fail. If you exclude therapy, then this pathological condition can be significantly aggravated.
Единственным доминирующим признаком эпилепсии considered to be a recurring seizure. There may also be a violation of motor function, sensitivity, mental and mental process. If this condition was noted in a patient, then he needs urgent professional help. Often there is not only congenital, but also acquired epilepsy.
It is understood that many diseases andbrain disorders are accompanied by convulsions and seizures that have nothing to do with this deviation. Therefore, it is not necessary to engage in self-therapy, not knowing the exact diagnosis. Epilepsy is equally common in both children and adults.
The classification adopted in medicine helps to correctly diagnose, prescribe therapy. Epilepsy can be of these types:
Also, the disease can be divided into types, depending on the causes of seizures, such as photosensitive type of epilepsy.
This disease is considered quite dangerous.With such a diagnosis, therapy and preventive measures are vital. Epilepsy occurs for various reasons, it all depends on the type of disease. There are cases when the provoking factor cannot be established.
In modern medicine, there are such groups of provoking factors:
Symptoms of the disease appear in any group of pathologies, regardless of the age category of the patient.
What is epilepsy and what is its pathogenesis?During the course of this chronic disease, changes in the neural activity of the brain are noted, which may be not only excessive, but also periodic. It depends on the impact of pathological factors. In the brain, there is a depolarization of neurons, characterized by suddenness and severity. It may be local. Attacks with partial or generalized type.
Also, with epilepsy in adults, a specialist candisturbances in the processes of thalamocortical interaction can be observed. At the same time, there is an increased sensitivity of cortical-type neurons. Seizures arise from the excessive release of aspartate and glutamate. In parallel, there may be a lack of neurotransmitters of the inhibitory type, in particular gamma-aminobutyric acid.
In the course of the research it was revealed that the deadpatients suffering from epilepsy, there were changes in the dystrophic type of ganglion cells, as well as other disorders and abnormalities that occurred in the brain. With this pathology, there may be an increase in dendrites and neurofibrils. These changes are diagnosed in different parts of the brain. They can be associated with various injuries, as well as past infectious diseases. All of these violations are not specific.
In most cases, after a thorough examination of the patient, it is possible to identify the provoking factor of an epilepsy attack.
Why does epilepsy occur?
Only a specialist can determine what exactly caused the onset of epilepsy.
As mentioned earlier, this chronicPathology is characterized by a convulsive seizure. In most cases, it starts unexpectedly. It happens that there are signs that indicate the imminent onset of such a state.
Warning symptoms:
It is also worth noting that in most patientsBefore an attack, a certain aura arises, which can last for several seconds. After it, the patient loses consciousness. At the same time, a spasm begins, which is accompanied by a strong tension of the muscular tissue throughout the body, the extremities stretch out and the head is thrown back. Breathing becomes impaired, the neck veins swell. The face becomes pale during the onset of the attack, and the jaws shrink strongly. This phase is referred to as tonic, lasting about 30 seconds.
Затем наступают клонические судороги.They are characterized by jerky muscle contractions of the entire body, including the limbs and the cervical region. In this phase, the seizure continues within 3-3.5 minutes. At the same time, breathing becomes hoarse, there are noises, accumulation of saliva is observed, and language can fall down.
У некоторых пациентов во время припадка эпилепсии marked the release of foam, sometimes with blood impurities. Gradually the attack subsides, and the muscles begin to relax. During this period, the patient does not respond to stimuli, the pupils are dilated, there is no reaction to light. Involuntary emission of urine may be observed.
For each type of epilepsy, the causes and symptoms are similar to each other, but they also have characteristic differences that are recommended to be taken into account when making a diagnosis.
Данная патология также может возникать у newborn baby and young children. In infants, this condition is observed as a result of injuries received during the labor process, as well as due to oxygen starvation in the womb. In children, epilepsy can be diagnosed as a hereditary or acquired disease. With the right approach, it is treatable.
What is epilepsy in infants? This is a violation that is accompanied by the following symptoms:
Babies do not have foam from their mouths, like biting their tongues, cheeks. Also involuntary emission of urine is not marked.
In infants, the precursors of epilepsy are the following signs:
Epilepsy in children has a number of features.This pathology is much more common in children than in adults. Very often, not every occurring attack is equated with an epileptic seizure, so parents should be careful and watch the behavior of the child.
What is epilepsy in babies? This is a condition with the following symptoms:
Many types of pathology in children and adolescents cannot be immediately recognized, as there are no usual symptoms.
If a person has an attack, it is necessary to urgently provide him with first aid and call specialists, informing about the general condition of the patient and the duration of the condition. First of all you need:
After the end of the attack, the patient must be givenpeace After a seizure, people with epilepsy very often have confusion and increased weakness of the whole body. In most cases, in half an hour a person is able to get up and move independently.
Danger posed by seizures following a friend.for a friend in a short period of time. This condition is referred to as epileptic status. It can be fatal, as the patient stops breathing. In such a situation, urgent professional help is needed.
Diagnosis of this chronic pathologycarried out carefully. The first is the history. It is necessary to establish the provoking factor of epilepsy correctly, to pay attention to the symptoms. The specialist necessarily studies the fact of how the attacks pass and what its consequences are.
The patient is assigned to these types of examinations:
Treatment of epilepsy is prescribed on the basis ofthe results of the study. Therapy must be followed with all rigor to improve the patient's life and ease his condition. It is recommended to begin treatment only after a recurrent seizure, when it is determined that the patient has epilepsy.
The patient is prescribed antiepilepticmedicines, depending on the form of the pathology and the nature of the attack. Reception of drugs begins with a small dosage, which gradually increases. The condition must be constantly monitored by a specialist in order to promptly adjust therapy. If one of the drugs is not effective, it is replaced by another, stronger.
Reception of funds may be terminated after 2-5 years of complete absence of seizures and overt symptomatology. The most prescribed drugs for epilepsy include:
Is it possible to take other drugs for epilepsy? This is decided solely by a specialist who observes the patient. Everything will depend on the type and purpose of the medicine.
Reception of most funds can be accompanied byside effects. Diazepam and Midazolam are used to treat virtually all forms of epileptic status. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor, depending on the neglect of the situation.
Treatment of epilepsy in babies is based onrelieving seizures and provoking factors. A child may be given an anticonvulsant drug, which depends on the type of pathology. Anti-consulants are prescribed if more than 2-3 seizures have been observed. If the therapy was chosen correctly, then it can lead to full recovery. The dose for children is insignificant at first, gradually increasing until the effect is noticeable.
This pathology in most cases canlead to a variety of deviations. These include such a violation as epileptic status. This condition is characterized by an attack, the duration of which is 30-35 minutes, or seizures occur in one patient after another. At the same time, he can not recover for a long time, his consciousness is blurred. If the disease is diagnosed in a patient for a long time, and the treatment is poor-quality or completely absent, then epileptic encephalopathy develops.
Людям с эпилепсией в качестве лечения и Prophylaxis is often prescribed physical therapy, which is able to normalize the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Rhythmic movements and breathing exercises have a positive effect on nerve cells. They also act as stress prevention.
The main preventive measures include the exclusion of the following situations:
It is also worth refusing marriage between twopeople suffering from epilepsy. You do not need to be in a poorly ventilated room and freeze for a long time. It is recommended to prevent the state of fever in a timely manner, especially in children. Experts advise to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, strengthen the immune system, correctly measure physical activity, walk constantly, observe sleep and wakefulness.
