Traumatic shock is a critically dangerous condition of the body, arising from severe injuries that lead to insufficient blood supply to the organs and nervous system disorders.
Traumatic shock leads to fractures, gunshot wounds, trauma to the skull and abdomen. The main factors that provoke a shock condition are severe pain and significant blood loss.
Под воздействием боли возникает спазм сосудов, a significant part of the blood ceases to participate in the blood circulation, the pressure drops, the heart's work worsens, oxygen starvation occurs due to poor blood supply, the central nervous system is disrupted. Usually this is exacerbated by severe blood loss.
Traumatic shock in its symptoms is similar to internal or external bleeding:
- pale skin, on which marble stains can appear;
- dry mouth;
- frequent breathing;
- confused consciousness;
- weak frequent pulse.
There are two stages of traumatic shock - excitation and inhibition.
Immediately after the injury, the victim tries activelymove, talk a lot, show fear and anxiety. He does not understand how difficult his condition is, he answers the questions correctly, only sometimes he complains of pain. Arterial blood pressure and pulse are normal, breathing is frequent, skin is pale.
If the injury is serious, then the stage of excitation may not be. In general, the shorter this stage, the heavier and longer the traumatic shock.
When the blood supply becomes quiteInadequate, the inhibition of the victim begins to increase. He lies motionless, does not complain of pain, his eyes wander, he does not answer questions or speaks very quietly. The skin gradually becomes gray and sweaty, the hands and feet become cold. The pulse is very frequent and weak, the pressure is low.
Depending on the pulse and pressure, determine what degree of shock the victim has.
I degree - easy. Consciousness is clear, the pulse is about 90 beats per minute, the pressure is at least 90 mm.
II degree - the average. The reactions are inhibited, the skin is pale. The pulse speeds up to 140 beats per minute, and the pressure drops to 80 mm. This degree requires anti-shock therapy.
III degree - severe.Hands and feet are cold, the victim has a confused or completely absent mind, the pulse is determined only on the largest arteries, his frequency is 180 beats per minute. The outlook for the development of the situation is very unfavorable.
IV степень – терминальная.The unconscious person, his lips turn blue, the skin becomes gray. The pressure is not determined, or is below 50 mm. The pulse is barely perceptible on the largest arteries. The outcome is usually lethal.
Before the arrival of a team of doctors, it is possible to conduct a number of procedures on their own to improve the condition of the victim:
- cover a person's coat or blanket to maintain a normal temperature;
- lay it on a flat surface so that the head is flush with the body. If there is a suspicion of damage to the spine, then you can not touch the injured person;
- the legs need to be raised to improve the blood supply to important organs. This can not be done if the injured person has a head, neck, hip, shin injury, a suspected heart attack or stroke;
- to ensure free breathing - to unbutton clothes, remove foreign objections.
- external bleeding should be tried to stop;
- calm, talk, do not let the victim actively move;
- Do not give to drink, but only to moisten his lips with a damp napkin.
It is very important to inspire the victim with confidence that everything will be fine. From his psychological comfort and your ability to persuade, the outcome of his condition largely depends.
